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一份对“商业铜臭”的不屑、展示了英国“贵族气质”的判决。

 王力律师 2020-03-17

一份对“商业铜臭”的不屑、展示了英国“贵族气质”的判决。

    本案例是英国QUEEN`S BENCH DIVISION(COMMERCIAL COURT)作出的 WUHAN OCEAN ECONOMIC & TECHNICAL COOPERATION CO LTD AND ANOTHER(原告,卖方) v SCHIFFAHRTS-GESELLSCHAFT HANSA MURCIAMBH & CO KG (被告,买方),[2013] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 269

案情简介:

2004年1月8日原、被告签署了船舶建造合同,被告作为买方,分批付款。同时由中国银行对该分批付款提供“refund guarantee”。保函内容如下:

This Letter of guarantee shall remain in force until the vessel has been delivered to and accepted by the buyers or refund has been made by the seller or ourselves(the export import bank of china)or until 30 june 2010.whichever occurs earliest,after which you are to return it to us by airmail for cancellation.in case arbitration initiated by either seller or buyer before delivery of the vessel ,the validity of this guarantee shall be extended to 60 calendar days after the final arbitration award is issued.

20091222日,买卖双方达成一致,推迟交船时间到20111031日,卖方保证将“refund guarantee”的有效期延长到2012531日。2010628日,买方告知卖方,因为卖方没有延长“refund guarantee”的有效期,卖方已经毁约,买方接受卖方的毁约终止双方的合约。29日,买方启动仲裁程序,当天卖方成功将“refund guarantee”的有效期延长。

仲裁庭认为:卖方至少应在2010616日前将“refund guarantee”的有效期延长否则就是违约,如果23日还未将上述“refund guarantee”的有效期延长就是毁约,买方有权解除合同。因为商业需要确定性,由于“refund guarantee”的对买方来说是基础性的,如果没其担保,买方将处在不确定的风险中。故此延长“refund guarantee”有效性,需要在23日前作出,这样买方才能在30日前作出合理的行为,否则这种违约将摧毁合约的基础,买方有权解除合同。

    上述裁决作出后,卖方诉到法院,20121019QUEEN`S BENCH DIVISION(COMMERCIAL COURT)的作出判决,认为仲裁是错误的,虽然卖方违约,但是不至于是毁约,最多是赔偿买方的损失,但是买方无权解除合约。

    法院的理由为两点:1、保函条款已经明确,即使保函期限已过,开始仲裁程序就仍然可以自动延长保函的有效期。也就是买方的返款保证,始终是存在的,买方不会处在不确定的风险中。

    需要强调的是第2点理由,也是笔者认为最为出彩的地方,就是法院对买方“不诚信”行为的不屑。原文如下:the buyers were looking to get out of an unprofitable contract following the collapse of an market in 2008.....................moreover the buyers did not enquire of the sellers at any time after 23 april 2010 as to when the extension would be forthcoming.which would have been a natural and sensible course of action.from which it might be inferred that they were looking to catch the sellers on the hop and escape their unprofitable bargain.......

翻译过来就是,因为2008船运市场大崩盘,买方一直有计划的、蓄谋已久的想解除合约,根本不想履行合约。故此对该不诚信行为予以坚决打进,以维护契约必须遵守的精神。

需要说明的是,虽然有上述案例,将履约背景纳入解释合约的因素中,但是完备的合约,以及符合法律要求的履约,仍然是第一要务。

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