 Pollution and disease have long been associated in people’s minds. The very word “malaria”, for example, means “bad air” in Italian. But the germ theory of infection, developed in the 19th century, knocked on the head the idea that it is the air itself which causes illness. 污染和疾病长期以来被人们联系在一起。例如，“疟疾”这个词在意大利语中的意思就是“糟糕的空气”。但19世纪发展起来的细菌感染理论，推翻了空气本身导致疾病的观点。 ——《经济学人》 基本释义 Malaria is a disease that causes fever and shivering (=shaking of the body) caused by the bite of some types of mosquito. n. 疟疾；瘴气 18世纪中期，在古代罗马城周围有许多沼泽，沼泽附件的空气又脏又臭，在沼泽附近待的时间一久，人就容易得疟疾。当时的罗马人误认为该病就是因脏空气而引发，就用短语mala aria表示，意思是“污浊或有毒的空气”。 到了19世纪后半期，当人们发现疟疾是由疟蚊(anopheles)叮咬而引发的传染病，便给疟疾重新下了定义，但却保留了原有的名称。英语中借用意大利语，用malaria来表示疟疾，其中malaria由mal(bad)+aria(air)构成，字面意思依旧表示“脏空气”。 diarrhoea: If someone has diarrhoea, a lot of liquid faeces comes out of their body because they are ill.（腹泻） dysentery: Dysentery is an infection in a person's intestines that causes them to pass a lot of waste, in which blood and mucus are mixed with the person's faeces.（痢疾） |
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