Patent Licensing: All You Need To Know-专利许可：所有你需要知道的

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Patent Licensing: All You Need To Know

April 6, 2020 | Intepat Team 

（注：本文是一篇简要介绍专利许可的普及文章）

Inventors work hard day in and day out for years or even decades to give shape to their ideas. They then take up the arduous task of filing a patent for their inventions. Grantinga patent for an invention is a way of recognizing the hard work. The true reward lies when the invention is put to good use. Not all inventors have the financial background or support to give life to their inventions on a large scale.

Patent licensing is a boon to inventors to see their inventions become popular and gain a gigantic form.

发明家们每天甚至每天努力工作，甚至需要数十年甚至数十年的时间才能形成自己的想法。然后，他们承担了为他们的发明申请专利的艰巨任务。 授予一项发明专利是一种识别辛勤工作的方法。真正的回报在于充分利用发明。并非所有的发明人都有足够的经济背景或支持来实现他们的发明。

专利许可对发明家来说是一个福音，能够让他们看到自己的发明变得流行并获得巨大的财富。

The crux of Patent Licensing

Patent licensing refers to the act in which the patent owner (i.e. licensor) gives rights to a third party (i.e. licensee) to design, manufacture, use, sell and market the patented invention. Licensing an invention is mutually beneficial to the licensee and the patent owner. A patent licensing agreement is signed between both the parties for a period transferring the rights over the intellectual property for that particular period.

Licensing ensures your patent generates perpetual revenue often paying back, the time and money spent on the invention.

专利许可的症结

专利许可是指专利拥有人（即许可人）向第三方（即被许可人）授予设计，制造，使用，销售和销售专利发明的权利的行为。许可发明对被许可人和专利所有人都是互惠互利的。双方之间签订了专利许可协议，有效期为 知识产权 在那个特定时期。

许可可确保您的专利不断地产生回报，从而回馈你在发明上花费的时间和金钱。

Classification of Patent Licenses-专利许可分类

Exclusive License 独占许可 或称为排他许可

In an exclusive license, the patent owner holds to the title of patent and transfers all other rights to the licensee. The licensee can enjoy all rights over the invention except the right to transfer the patent. The right to patent transfer remains with the owner. Exclusive license patents have a lower risk of infringement as the complete rights are offered to a single licensee.

在独占许可中，专利所有者拥有专利权所有权（Title of patent），并将所有其他权利转让给被许可人。除了转让专利的权利外，被许可人可以享有发明的所有权利。专利转让权仍归所有者所有。由于将完整的权利提供给单个被许可人，因此专有许可专利的侵权风险较低。

Non-exclusive License 非独占许可 或称为非排他许可

When the patent owner grants rights to the patent to more than one licensee, it is known as a non-exclusive license. In this case, all licensees will have the right to produce, sell or use the patented product.

当专利所有者将专利权授予一个以上的被许可人时，称为非专有许可。在这种情况下，所有被许可人都有权生产，销售或使用专利产品。

Compulsory License 强制许可

This license usually comes to play when the Government of a country transfers the right to manufacture a product irrespective of the interest of the patent owner. Section 84 of the Indian Patents Act, 1970 has a list of the products for which compulsory license can be applied. This license is mostly issued for pharmaceutical products to make them affordable and easily accessible to the public. The first compulsory license in India was granted to Natco Pharma Ltd., for the cancer medication, Nexavar. The drug was originally patented by Bayer Corporation.

通常，这种许可发生在国家/地区的政府“不顾及专利权人的利益”强制转让制造产品的权利的情况下。84年《印度专利法》第1970条列出了可以申请强制许可的产品清单。该许可证主要是针对药品发行的，以使公众负担得起并且容易获得（这些所急需的药品）。印度的第一个强制许可授予给Natco Pharma公司，被强制许可的是有关Nexavar抗癌药物的专利，该药物源自拜耳公司的专利.

Sub-license  分许可

In a sub-license, the licensee has the power to transfer the right to manufacture the product or any other particular licensed right of the patent to other different companies.

在分许可中，被许可方有权将生产产品的权利或任何其他特定的专利许可权利转让给其他不同的公司。

Cross-license  交叉许可

Cross-license offers the exchange of licenses between different organizations to bring the product to market. This license comes handy when the invention requires support from other products to make it complete and enhance its utility. For example, Ericsson and Oppo signed a cross-license agreement to share their patent portfolios.

交叉许可提供了不同组织之间的许可证交换，从而将产品推向市场。当发明需要其他产品的支持才能使其完整并增强其实用性时，这个许可证就派上用场了。例如，爱立信和Oppo签署了一项交叉许可协议来共享他们的专利组合。

Voluntary License 自愿许可

The patent owner can grant rights to manufacture or sell his products to the licensee on a goodwill basis. The licensee will act as an agent of the patent owner and help in the production, sale, and distribution of the product. This would lead to a reduction in the price of the products.

专利所有人可以在善意的基础上授予被许可人制造或销售其产品的权利。被许可方将作为专利权人的代理人，并在产品的生产、销售和分销方面提供帮助。这将导致产品价格的下降。

Benefits of Patent Licensing  专利许可的利益

Monetary Benefits  金钱利益

The inventor can enjoy a royalty amount for transferring the patent rights. The standard average royalties for inventions range from 2 – 20% of the net revenues generated by the patent.

发明人转让专利权可以享有专利权使用费（royalty，发明、创意、财产的使用费）。通常发明专利的标准平均使用费占该专利净收入的2 - 20%（这个不能一概而论，不同行业不同价值的专利差别还是挺大的）。

Risk-Free Measure 规避风险的考量

The manufacturing and marketing of the patented technology on a large scale involves various risk factors. Licensing of a patented technology reduces such risks and makes the patent owner free of liabilities.

专利技术的大规模生产和销售涉及多种风险因素。对专利技术实施许可可以降低这种风险，使专利权人免除责任。

Global Reach of the Product  产品的全球覆盖

Licensing the invention to the right licensee with the international supply chain will aid in bulk production and distribution of the product worldwide.

通过国际供应链将发明授权给合适的被许可方，将有助于产品在全球的批量生产和分销。

License period  许可期

Licensing a patented technology is much better than selling the patent. The licensee will enjoy the rights to the patent until the duration of the patent license agreement. The owner will regain the rights after the license expires.

许可一项专利技术要比出售专利好得多。在专利许可协议有效期内，被许可方享有专利权。许可证到期后，所有者将重新获得权利。

Competitive Edge 竞争优势

The owner is free to issue a license to an organized firm who can launch and take the product to great levels. This will give the product an easy reach and a better position among already existing similar products in the market.

所有者可以自由地向有组织的公司颁发许可证，这些公司可以发布产品并将产品推向更高的水平。这将使产品更容易到达，并在市场上现有的同类产品中处于更好的位置。

Steps to Land on the Best Patent License Agreement 获得最佳专利许可协议的步骤

Showcasing the patented technology 展示专利技术

The inventor looking for a licensee should bring out a clear-cut picture in a glimpse of what the company would achieve on getting the license to the product. Apt delivery of the product potential is bound to bring in many interested companies.

发明者在寻找被许可人的时候，应该展示出一幅清晰的画面，让人一眼就能看出公司在获得该产品的许可后会取得怎样的成就。被束缚的产品潜力的释放必然会带来许多感兴趣的公司。

Approach Patent Licensing Companies   与专利许可公司洽谈

The patent owner can approach reputed patent licensing firms to match them with the right licensee. These firms have adequate knowledge on Intellectual Property Rights, patent licensing attorneys and experts from related technology who can guide the inventor in landing the correct Patent licensing Agreement.

专利所有者可以接触具有良好声誉的专利许可公司（可理解为专门做专利运营的非生产实体），通过他们匹配合适的被许可方。这些公司拥有足够的知识产权知识，专利许可律师和相关技术专家可以指导发明者获得正确的专利许可协议。

In-depth Market Research 深入的市场调研

Having a good market idea on the product, similar products in the market and giant firms involved in the manufacture of such products will guide you in reaching the right licensee.

假如你对产品有一个很好的市场创意，市场上类似的产品和参与制造这些产品的大公司将指导你找到正确的被许可方

Publicizing 宣传

Bringing out the patented technology in trade shows, conferences, and patent databases can attract potential licensees.

在贸易展览、会议和专利数据库中引入专利技术可以吸引潜在的被许可方。

Patent Licensing is a risk-free alluring opportunity for the inventor to enjoy the fruits of his hard-earned patented technology. Assign the best patent licensing companies and rest assured your patent gets the right licensee.

专利许可是发明者享受其辛苦获得的专利技术成果的一个无风险的诱人机会。指定一个最好的专利授权公司可以确保您的专利获得正确的授权。