
1、背景简介 Django REST framework框架(简称DRF)是一个用于构建Web API的强大而灵活的工具。我们为什么需要使用REST Framework框架呢?以下列出了一些原因: 1 2 3 4 5 6 | (1)基于Web可浏览的API能让你赢得更多开发者
(2)支持OAuth1a和OAuth2的认证机制
(3)Serialization序列化支持ORM和non-ORM的数据源
(4)如果你不需要更为强大的功能,则你可以自定义只使用常规的函数功能视图
(5)大量的文档,广大的社区支持
(6)得到去多大公司使用和信任,如Mozilla、Red Hat红帽、Eventbrite等都在使用它
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2、环境要求 1 2 | Python (2.7, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6)
Django (1.10, 1.11, 2.0)
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以下是DRF的可选安装包: 1 2 3 4 5 | coreapi (1.32.0+) - 支持模式(概要视图)生成
Markdown (2.1.0+) - Markdown 支持可浏览的API
django-filter (1.0.1+) - 支持过滤
django-crispy-forms - 改进的HTML显示过滤
django-guardian (1.1.1+) - 支持对象级权限控制
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3、安装配置(以下已经安装了django2.0和python3.6为例) (1)安装djangorestframework以及自己选择的可选安装包 1 2 3 4 5 6 | pip install djangorestframework
pip install coreapi #可选
pip install markdown #可选
pip install django-filter #可选
pip install django-crispy-forms #此安装包在安装xadmin的时候也依赖此包
pip install django-guardian #可选
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(2)新建django项目和app并初始化数据库并创建管理员 1 2 3 4 5 6 | django-admin startproject lybbndrfs
cd lybbndfrs
python manage.py startapp lydrf
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser
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(3)在django项目的settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS中添加rest_framework和app应用lydrf 1 2 3 4 5 | INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'lydrf',
'rest_framework',
)
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(4)在django的app中新建serializers.py文件并设置如下内容 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')
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(5)在django的app的views.py文件中设置如下内容 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from lydrf.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
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(6)在django项目的urls.py中添加djangorestframework的可访问的url路径 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from lydrf import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
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(7)运行django项目 1 | python manage.py runserver
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(8)通过浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8000,可以看到刚刚添加的两个视图函数和urls 
4、官方网址
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