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视音频数据处理入门:H.264视频码流解析

 看见就非常 2020-05-25

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视音频数据处理入门系列文章:

视音频数据处理入门:RGB、YUV像素数据处理

视音频数据处理入门:PCM音频采样数据处理

视音频数据处理入门:H.264视频码流解析

视音频数据处理入门:AAC音频码流解析

视音频数据处理入门:FLV封装格式解析

视音频数据处理入门:UDP-RTP协议解析

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前两篇文章介绍的YUV/RGB处理程序以及PCM处理程序都属于视音频原始数据的处理程序。从本文开始介绍视音频码流的处理程序。本文介绍的程序是视频码流处理程序。视频码流在视频播放器中的位置如下所示。


本文中的程序是一个H.264码流解析程序。该程序可以从H.264码流中分析得到它的基本单元NALU,并且可以简单解析NALU首部的字段。通过修改该程序可以实现不同的H.264码流处理功能。

原理

H.264原始码流(又称为“裸流”)是由一个一个的NALU组成的。他们的结构如下图所示。


其中每个NALU之间通过startcode(起始码)进行分隔,起始码分成两种:0x000001(3Byte)或者0x00000001(4Byte)。如果NALU对应的Slice为一帧的开始就用0x00000001,否则就用0x000001。

H.264码流解析的步骤就是首先从码流中搜索0x000001和0x00000001,分离出NALU;然后再分析NALU的各个字段。本文的程序即实现了上述的两个步骤。

代码

整个程序位于simplest_h264_parser()函数中,如下所示。
  1. /**
  2. * 最简单的视音频数据处理示例
  3. * Simplest MediaData Test
  4. *
  5. * 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua
  6. * leixiaohua1020@126.com
  7. * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
  8. * Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology
  9. * http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
  10. *
  11. * 本项目包含如下几种视音频测试示例:
  12. * (1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。
  13. * (2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。
  14. * (3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。
  15. * (4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。
  16. * (5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。
  17. * (6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。
  18. *
  19. * This project contains following samples to handling multimedia data:
  20. * (1) Video pixel data handling program. It contains several examples to handle RGB and YUV data.
  21. * (2) Audio sample data handling program. It contains several examples to handle PCM data.
  22. * (3) H.264 stream analysis program. It can parse H.264 bitstream and analysis NALU of stream.
  23. * (4) AAC stream analysis program. It can parse AAC bitstream and analysis ADTS frame of stream.
  24. * (5) FLV format analysis program. It can analysis FLV file and extract MP3 audio stream.
  25. * (6) UDP-RTP protocol analysis program. It can analysis UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS Packet.
  26. *
  27. */
  28. #include <stdio.h>
  29. #include <stdlib.h>
  30. #include <string.h>
  31. typedef enum {
  32. NALU_TYPE_SLICE = 1,
  33. NALU_TYPE_DPA = 2,
  34. NALU_TYPE_DPB = 3,
  35. NALU_TYPE_DPC = 4,
  36. NALU_TYPE_IDR = 5,
  37. NALU_TYPE_SEI = 6,
  38. NALU_TYPE_SPS = 7,
  39. NALU_TYPE_PPS = 8,
  40. NALU_TYPE_AUD = 9,
  41. NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ = 10,
  42. NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM = 11,
  43. NALU_TYPE_FILL = 12,
  44. } NaluType;
  45. typedef enum {
  46. NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE = 0,
  47. NALU_PRIRITY_LOW = 1,
  48. NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH = 2,
  49. NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST = 3
  50. } NaluPriority;
  51. typedef struct
  52. {
  53. int startcodeprefix_len; //! 4 for parameter sets and first slice in picture, 3 for everything else (suggested)
  54. unsigned len; //! Length of the NAL unit (Excluding the start code, which does not belong to the NALU)
  55. unsigned max_size; //! Nal Unit Buffer size
  56. int forbidden_bit; //! should be always FALSE
  57. int nal_reference_idc; //! NALU_PRIORITY_xxxx
  58. int nal_unit_type; //! NALU_TYPE_xxxx
  59. char *buf; //! contains the first byte followed by the EBSP
  60. } NALU_t;
  61. FILE *h264bitstream = NULL; //!< the bit stream file
  62. int info2=0, info3=0;
  63. static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf){
  64. if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=1) return 0; //0x000001?
  65. else return 1;
  66. }
  67. static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf){
  68. if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=0 || Buf[3] !=1) return 0;//0x00000001?
  69. else return 1;
  70. }
  71. int GetAnnexbNALU (NALU_t *nalu){
  72. int pos = 0;
  73. int StartCodeFound, rewind;
  74. unsigned char *Buf;
  75. if ((Buf = (unsigned char*)calloc (nalu->max_size , sizeof(char))) == NULL)
  76. printf ("GetAnnexbNALU: Could not allocate Buf memory\n");
  77. nalu->startcodeprefix_len=3;
  78. if (3 != fread (Buf, 1, 3, h264bitstream)){
  79. free(Buf);
  80. return 0;
  81. }
  82. info2 = FindStartCode2 (Buf);
  83. if(info2 != 1) {
  84. if(1 != fread(Buf+3, 1, 1, h264bitstream)){
  85. free(Buf);
  86. return 0;
  87. }
  88. info3 = FindStartCode3 (Buf);
  89. if (info3 != 1){
  90. free(Buf);
  91. return -1;
  92. }
  93. else {
  94. pos = 4;
  95. nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 4;
  96. }
  97. }
  98. else{
  99. nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 3;
  100. pos = 3;
  101. }
  102. StartCodeFound = 0;
  103. info2 = 0;
  104. info3 = 0;
  105. while (!StartCodeFound){
  106. if (feof (h264bitstream)){
  107. nalu->len = (pos-1)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;
  108. memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);
  109. nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit
  110. nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit
  111. nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit
  112. free(Buf);
  113. return pos-1;
  114. }
  115. Buf[pos++] = fgetc (h264bitstream);
  116. info3 = FindStartCode3(&Buf[pos-4]);
  117. if(info3 != 1)
  118. info2 = FindStartCode2(&Buf[pos-3]);
  119. StartCodeFound = (info2 == 1 || info3 == 1);
  120. }
  121. // Here, we have found another start code (and read length of startcode bytes more than we should
  122. // have. Hence, go back in the file
  123. rewind = (info3 == 1)? -4 : -3;
  124. if (0 != fseek (h264bitstream, rewind, SEEK_CUR)){
  125. free(Buf);
  126. printf("GetAnnexbNALU: Cannot fseek in the bit stream file");
  127. }
  128. // Here the Start code, the complete NALU, and the next start code is in the Buf.
  129. // The size of Buf is pos, pos+rewind are the number of bytes excluding the next
  130. // start code, and (pos+rewind)-startcodeprefix_len is the size of the NALU excluding the start code
  131. nalu->len = (pos+rewind)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;
  132. memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);//
  133. nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit
  134. nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit
  135. nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit
  136. free(Buf);
  137. return (pos+rewind);
  138. }
  139. /**
  140. * Analysis H.264 Bitstream
  141. * @param url Location of input H.264 bitstream file.
  142. */
  143. int simplest_h264_parser(char *url){
  144. NALU_t *n;
  145. int buffersize=100000;
  146. //FILE *myout=fopen("output_log.txt","wb+");
  147. FILE *myout=stdout;
  148. h264bitstream=fopen(url, "rb+");
  149. if (h264bitstream==NULL){
  150. printf("Open file error\n");
  151. return 0;
  152. }
  153. n = (NALU_t*)calloc (1, sizeof (NALU_t));
  154. if (n == NULL){
  155. printf("Alloc NALU Error\n");
  156. return 0;
  157. }
  158. n->max_size=buffersize;
  159. n->buf = (char*)calloc (buffersize, sizeof (char));
  160. if (n->buf == NULL){
  161. free (n);
  162. printf ("AllocNALU: n->buf");
  163. return 0;
  164. }
  165. int data_offset=0;
  166. int nal_num=0;
  167. printf("-----+-------- NALU Table ------+---------+\n");
  168. printf(" NUM | POS | IDC | TYPE | LEN |\n");
  169. printf("-----+---------+--------+-------+---------+\n");
  170. while(!feof(h264bitstream))
  171. {
  172. int data_lenth;
  173. data_lenth=GetAnnexbNALU(n);
  174. char type_str[20]={0};
  175. switch(n->nal_unit_type){
  176. case NALU_TYPE_SLICE:sprintf(type_str,"SLICE");break;
  177. case NALU_TYPE_DPA:sprintf(type_str,"DPA");break;
  178. case NALU_TYPE_DPB:sprintf(type_str,"DPB");break;
  179. case NALU_TYPE_DPC:sprintf(type_str,"DPC");break;
  180. case NALU_TYPE_IDR:sprintf(type_str,"IDR");break;
  181. case NALU_TYPE_SEI:sprintf(type_str,"SEI");break;
  182. case NALU_TYPE_SPS:sprintf(type_str,"SPS");break;
  183. case NALU_TYPE_PPS:sprintf(type_str,"PPS");break;
  184. case NALU_TYPE_AUD:sprintf(type_str,"AUD");break;
  185. case NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ:sprintf(type_str,"EOSEQ");break;
  186. case NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM:sprintf(type_str,"EOSTREAM");break;
  187. case NALU_TYPE_FILL:sprintf(type_str,"FILL");break;
  188. }
  189. char idc_str[20]={0};
  190. switch(n->nal_reference_idc>>5){
  191. case NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE:sprintf(idc_str,"DISPOS");break;
  192. case NALU_PRIRITY_LOW:sprintf(idc_str,"LOW");break;
  193. case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGH");break;
  194. case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGHEST");break;
  195. }
  196. fprintf(myout,"%5d| %8d| %7s| %6s| %8d|\n",nal_num,data_offset,idc_str,type_str,n->len);
  197. data_offset=data_offset+data_lenth;
  198. nal_num++;
  199. }
  200. //Free
  201. if (n){
  202. if (n->buf){
  203. free(n->buf);
  204. n->buf=NULL;
  205. }
  206. free (n);
  207. }
  208. return 0;
  209. }

上文中的函数调用方法如下所示。
simplest_h264_parser("sintel.h264");

结果

本程序的输入为一个H.264原始码流(裸流)的文件路径,输出为该码流的NALU统计数据,如下图所示。


下载


Simplest mediadata test

项目主页

SourceForge:https:///projects/simplest-mediadata-test/

Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test

开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test

CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/9422409

本项目包含如下几种视音频数据解析示例:

 (1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。
 (2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。
 (3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。
 (4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。
 (5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。
 (6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。

雷霄骅 (Lei Xiaohua)
leixiaohua1020@126.com
http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020

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