===================================================== 视音频数据处理入门系列文章: 视音频数据处理入门:RGB、YUV像素数据处理 视音频数据处理入门:PCM音频采样数据处理 视音频数据处理入门:H.264视频码流解析 视音频数据处理入门:AAC音频码流解析 视音频数据处理入门:FLV封装格式解析 视音频数据处理入门:UDP-RTP协议解析 =====================================================
前两篇文章介绍的YUV/RGB处理程序以及PCM处理程序都属于视音频原始数据的处理程序。从本文开始介绍视音频码流的处理程序。本文介绍的程序是视频码流处理程序。视频码流在视频播放器中的位置如下所示。 
本文中的程序是一个H.264码流解析程序。该程序可以从H.264码流中分析得到它的基本单元NALU,并且可以简单解析NALU首部的字段。通过修改该程序可以实现不同的H.264码流处理功能。 原理H.264原始码流(又称为“裸流”)是由一个一个的NALU组成的。他们的结构如下图所示。 
其中每个NALU之间通过startcode(起始码)进行分隔,起始码分成两种:0x000001(3Byte)或者0x00000001(4Byte)。如果NALU对应的Slice为一帧的开始就用0x00000001,否则就用0x000001。
H.264码流解析的步骤就是首先从码流中搜索0x000001和0x00000001,分离出NALU;然后再分析NALU的各个字段。本文的程序即实现了上述的两个步骤。 代码整个程序位于simplest_h264_parser()函数中,如下所示。
* Simplest MediaData Test * Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology * http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020 * (1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。 * (2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。 * (3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。 * (4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。 * (5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。 * (6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。 * This project contains following samples to handling multimedia data: * (1) Video pixel data handling program. It contains several examples to handle RGB and YUV data. * (2) Audio sample data handling program. It contains several examples to handle PCM data. * (3) H.264 stream analysis program. It can parse H.264 bitstream and analysis NALU of stream. * (4) AAC stream analysis program. It can parse AAC bitstream and analysis ADTS frame of stream. * (5) FLV format analysis program. It can analysis FLV file and extract MP3 audio stream. * (6) UDP-RTP protocol analysis program. It can analysis UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS Packet. NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE = 0, NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST = 3 int startcodeprefix_len; //! 4 for parameter sets and first slice in picture, 3 for everything else (suggested) unsigned len; //! Length of the NAL unit (Excluding the start code, which does not belong to the NALU) unsigned max_size; //! Nal Unit Buffer size int forbidden_bit; //! should be always FALSE int nal_reference_idc; //! NALU_PRIORITY_xxxx int nal_unit_type; //! NALU_TYPE_xxxx char *buf; //! contains the first byte followed by the EBSP FILE *h264bitstream = NULL; //!< the bit stream file static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf){ if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=1) return 0; //0x000001? static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf){ if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=0 || Buf[3] !=1) return 0;//0x00000001? int GetAnnexbNALU (NALU_t *nalu){ int StartCodeFound, rewind; if ((Buf = (unsigned char*)calloc (nalu->max_size , sizeof(char))) == NULL) printf ("GetAnnexbNALU: Could not allocate Buf memory\n"); nalu->startcodeprefix_len=3; if (3 != fread (Buf, 1, 3, h264bitstream)){ info2 = FindStartCode2 (Buf); if(1 != fread(Buf+3, 1, 1, h264bitstream)){ info3 = FindStartCode3 (Buf); nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 4; nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 3; if (feof (h264bitstream)){ nalu->len = (pos-1)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len; memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len); nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit Buf[pos++] = fgetc (h264bitstream); info3 = FindStartCode3(&Buf[pos-4]); info2 = FindStartCode2(&Buf[pos-3]); StartCodeFound = (info2 == 1 || info3 == 1); // Here, we have found another start code (and read length of startcode bytes more than we should // have. Hence, go back in the file rewind = (info3 == 1)? -4 : -3; if (0 != fseek (h264bitstream, rewind, SEEK_CUR)){ printf("GetAnnexbNALU: Cannot fseek in the bit stream file"); // Here the Start code, the complete NALU, and the next start code is in the Buf. // The size of Buf is pos, pos+rewind are the number of bytes excluding the next // start code, and (pos+rewind)-startcodeprefix_len is the size of the NALU excluding the start code nalu->len = (pos+rewind)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len; memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);// nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit * Analysis H.264 Bitstream * @param url Location of input H.264 bitstream file. int simplest_h264_parser(char *url){ //FILE *myout=fopen("output_log.txt","wb+"); h264bitstream=fopen(url, "rb+"); if (h264bitstream==NULL){ printf("Open file error\n"); n = (NALU_t*)calloc (1, sizeof (NALU_t)); printf("Alloc NALU Error\n"); n->buf = (char*)calloc (buffersize, sizeof (char)); printf ("AllocNALU: n->buf"); printf("-----+-------- NALU Table ------+---------+\n"); printf(" NUM | POS | IDC | TYPE | LEN |\n"); printf("-----+---------+--------+-------+---------+\n"); while(!feof(h264bitstream)) data_lenth=GetAnnexbNALU(n); switch(n->nal_unit_type){ case NALU_TYPE_SLICE:sprintf(type_str,"SLICE");break; case NALU_TYPE_DPA:sprintf(type_str,"DPA");break; case NALU_TYPE_DPB:sprintf(type_str,"DPB");break; case NALU_TYPE_DPC:sprintf(type_str,"DPC");break; case NALU_TYPE_IDR:sprintf(type_str,"IDR");break; case NALU_TYPE_SEI:sprintf(type_str,"SEI");break; case NALU_TYPE_SPS:sprintf(type_str,"SPS");break; case NALU_TYPE_PPS:sprintf(type_str,"PPS");break; case NALU_TYPE_AUD:sprintf(type_str,"AUD");break; case NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ:sprintf(type_str,"EOSEQ");break; case NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM:sprintf(type_str,"EOSTREAM");break; case NALU_TYPE_FILL:sprintf(type_str,"FILL");break; switch(n->nal_reference_idc>>5){ case NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE:sprintf(idc_str,"DISPOS");break; case NALU_PRIRITY_LOW:sprintf(idc_str,"LOW");break; case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGH");break; case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGHEST");break; fprintf(myout,"%5d| %8d| %7s| %6s| %8d|\n",nal_num,data_offset,idc_str,type_str,n->len); data_offset=data_offset+data_lenth;
上文中的函数调用方法如下所示。
simplest_h264_parser("sintel.h264");
结果本程序的输入为一个H.264原始码流(裸流)的文件路径,输出为该码流的NALU统计数据,如下图所示。 
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Simplest mediadata test 项目主页
SourceForge:https:///projects/simplest-mediadata-test/ Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test 开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/9422409 本项目包含如下几种视音频数据解析示例: (1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。 (2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。 (3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。 (4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。 (5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。 (6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。
雷霄骅 (Lei Xiaohua) leixiaohua1020@126.com http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
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