分享

喜讯:管涔山—芦芽山被列为联合国教科文组织自然遗产预备名单

 王清茗 2020-06-03

“行走山西”(微信号:xzsxwqm)据联合国科教文组织网站消息,2017年2月28日管涔山—芦芽山被列为联合国教科文组织自然遗产预备名单。联合国科教文组织认为,管涔山—芦芽山具有完整的生态系统,独特的地理位置和地质复杂导致壮观的自然风光和丰富的生物多样性是其入选理由。

联合国科教文组织网站截图

在于喀尔巴阡山原始山毛榉森林和德国的古老的山毛榉林对比后,联合国科教文组织指出,芦芽山是唯一的最大、最完整的,和最优质的寒带针叶林生态系统。随着太行山脉和颜山附近相比,陆良山的地方指定物业坐落有一系列的亚高山草甸植物区系分化为布什藏,指定属性从自然历史和其他山脉植物区系。此外,陆良山高山灌丛草甸集中在芦芽山地区。管涔山—芦芽山是中国北方寒温带针叶林和亚高山草甸的杰出代表布什,填充生物多样性世界自然遗产在这方面的差距。

联合国科教文组织网站关于管涔山—芦芽山介绍

管涔山又名燕京山,属吕梁山脉,主峰芦芽山,海拔2736米。林溪山《水经注》:“燕京亦管涔之异名也”。《淮南子·地形训》:“汾水出燕京。”管涔山东承阴山余脉,南接吕梁云中,古称晋山之祖。最高峰荷叶坪山在西马坊乡南,海拔2787米。从宁武县东北境的盘道梁到县西南境的石家庄镇止,“峰峦重叠,99座大小峰峦统属管涔山系。山地占总面积的95%,为1888.32平方公里,海拔在2000米以上者,有49座。元代沿袭唐制,元太祖16年(公元1221年)设置管州,以管涔山命名,治在今宁化村。

芦芽山林海

管涔山南承吕梁余脉,北达内蒙阴山,东携洪畴侧翼而西抵黄河东岸,绵延数千里成为拱卫华北的天然屏障。管涔山最著名的地方在于管涔山林区和天池湖泊群。管涔山林区南北长约78254米,东西宽约70340米,分布于管涔山及芦芽山、云中山上,地垮宁武、神池、五寨、岢岚、静乐、原平等6县(市)。管涔山林区属于黄土高原土石山区的水源涵养、防护和用材林区,全境均处于“三北”防护林系内,是华北地区林相最好的林区,树种以云杉和华北落叶松为主,不仅在山西省享有盛誉,同时也为华北所罕见,被称为“华北落叶松的故乡”和“云杉之家”。

芦芽山山脉

  

管涔山1997年经国务院批准为国家级自然保护区。主要的保护动物是珍禽褐马鸡。山中还有虎、豹、黑鹳、鹿等保护动物。芦芽山山形奇特,在森林包围中,唯芦芽山巨石堆积,形成奇形怪状的山形构造,成为旅游者的主要观赏目标。每当云雾笼罩之日,其峰尖巍然突出于青霄间,仿佛如葱茏茁壮的芦苇嫩芽破水而出,嫩翠欲滴。更为惊叹的是不知古人是怎样在那陡峭的峰顶上修建了“太子殿”。

芦芽山万年冰洞

芦芽山风景名胜区已于2009年列入中国国家自然与文化双遗产预备名录,系国家级自然保护区,聚集管涔山国家森林公园、宁武冰洞国家地质公园、汾河源头国家水利风景区、暖泉沟国家水利风景区、芦芽山生态区国家4A级旅游景区和汾河源头国家4A级旅游景区。一是具有独特的地理位置和复杂的地质背景;二是具有稀有、绝妙的自然现象、地貌和罕见的自然美;三是具有尚存的珍稀或濒危动植物种的栖息地,是进行国际化定位的重要载体。

芦芽山褐马鸡

忻州市委书记李俊明称芦芽山申报世界自然遗产是叫响世界品牌,做好龙的文章。管涔山—芦芽山被列为联合国教科文组织自然遗产预备名单标志着管涔山—芦芽山一只脚已经迈进自然遗产名单中。

附:联合国科教文组织管涔山—芦芽山介绍全文

Description

The area of nominated property Luya Mountain component is 343.32 km2, with a buffer zone of 97.72 km2.The area of Tianchi component is 68.61 km2, with a buffer zone of 32.66 km2.

Guanqin Mountain is a mountain extention at the north side of Luliang Mountains in Shanxi, with an average altitude ranging between 1800 m and 2000 m, and an area of 44,000 km2. The Guanqin Mountain region features complex topography and geomorphology, including earth-rocky mountain area, loess hilly area and fluvial morphology.

The nominated property Luya Mountain is located in Ningwu County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province. It is the source of Fen River and Sanggan River, also the main peak of Guanqin Mountain. The highest summit of Luya Mountain is Heyeping with an elevation of 2,782 m.

Luya Mountain Component: 111°49′54″-112°9′56″ E, 38°41′24″-38°58′10″ N

Tianchi Component: 112°10′24″-112°17′13″ E, 38°48′19″-38°54′46″ N

Justification of Outstanding Universal Value

The site is among the priority zones with outstanding universal values in biodiversity for world natural heritage nomination. Intact ecosystem, unique location and complex geology lead to a spectacular natural scenery and rich biodiversity.

Luya Mountain is located at the transition zone between temperate grasslands, woodlands and shrublands, Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, and montane grasslands and shrublands, and also at the bio-geology crossing point of Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region, loess plateau, North China plain and Qinghai-Tibetan area. Luya Mountain has the largest and most complete original Prince Rupprecht’s larch Larix principis-rupprechtii forest ecosystem in North China. It is an outstanding example of biological evolution and interaction between human and natural environment.  It is also home to several vertebrates endemic to North China, including the Brown-eared pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum, the Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus and the North-Chinese leopard Panthera pardus japonensis.

Criterion (vii): There are almost 700 km2 original Prince Rupprecht’s larch Larix principis-rupprechtii forest, 546.7 km2 natural secondary forest, and 440km2 subalpine meadow in and around the nominated property. The rare intact original forest, is the last episode of the ancient ecosystem that nourished the agricultural civilization in North China at the end of the quaternary ice age. The nominated property is known as the home to Prince Rupprecht’s Larch and Chinese Dragon Spruce Picea meyeri. There are large patches of subalpine bush and meadow in the high elevation area of Luya Mountain, and remaining typical tundra landscape. The landscape reminds every visitor what the scene of the cradle for Chinese civilization looks like.

There are various sandstone and loess geomorphy and grand valley and cliff landscape in the nominated property, with mysterious ice caves and crystal alpine lakes. These landscapes form the main geological scenery of the nominated property.

Criterion (ix): The nominated property is situated in the Oriental Deciduous Forest biogeographical province,Palearctic realm. It is within the gaps for biodiversity world natural heritage identified by IUCN in 2013.

Prince Rupprecht's larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) is an endemic species in the Shanxi and Hebei Provinces in China (in mountains higher than 1600m). In Shanxi Luya Mountain, it is concentrated with a large area and intact community structure. Prince Rupprecht’s larch forest is the main component of Luya Mountain forest ecosystem, and also the main habitat to the endemic species such as Brown-eared Pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum, grey-sided thrush Turdus feae, North-Chinese leopard Panthera pardus japonensis, as well as many other macro fungi, moss and ferns. The Prince Rupprecht’s larch forest has the biggest area and range, is the dominate species in Luya Mountain forest, and forms the main scenery. The average volume of the natural forest is 155.2m3 per km2. The total forest stock of Luya Mountain natural forest is about 12,000,000 m3.

In the nominated property, the Prince Rupprecht’s larch forest grows in a good condition with a complete community structure and vegetation, high productivity, conical crowns and beautiful shapes, forming a golden vegetation scenery in autumn. This species can bear cold and dry weather in mountains above 1600m, making it very fit for forestation in mountainous area. In the shady slopes between 1,800-2,500m elevations of Luya Mountain concentrate the Prince Rupprecht’s larch forests with mountain brown forest soil. In understory there are very thick litter layers, inhabiting lots of ferns.

There are a rich vegetation perpendicular band distribution, including benchland(1,346-1,600 m), bush grassland and agriculture(1,600-1,750m), low mountain deciduous forest(1,450-1,600 m), cold boreal conifer forest(1,820-2,600m) and subalpine bush meadow(2,400-2,782 m). The cold boreal conifer forest band mainly consists of the Prince Rupprecht’s larch and dragon spruce, and represented by the Bingkouwa, is the main protected target landscape of Luya Mountain nominated property, and also the important habitat to brown eared pheasants. There is diverse flora in subalpine bush meadow (2,400-2,782 m), with vegetation patterns such as forb meadow, sedge meadow, kobresia meadow and so on, very similar to the Tibetan flora. This subalpine bush meadow has a large area and forms a unique natural landscape, different from the flora in Taihang Mountains and Yan Mountain. There may be some endemic and narrowly distributed species evolving from glacial period relic species (e.g. plants and insects) in this kind of habitat, and forms unique ecosystem.

The cold temperate conifer forest and subalpine bush meadow ecosystem reflect the evolution process of the receding of conifer forest and alpine meadow and north intruding of deciduous forest after the glacial period of loess plateau. It is a rare intact forest ecosystem that has not been greatly disturbed by human being.

The cold temperate conifer forest in nominated property is also the main water source forest of Fen River, the mother river of Shanxi Province. The ecosystem provide essential ecosystem service of regulate climate and flood, keep water supply, air purification, preventing soil erosion and biodiversity conservation to the population of the whole watershed.

Luya Mountain is one of areas in loess plateau with the richest biodiversity from fungi, plants, insects to mammals. The nominated property is located in the north part of Luliang Mountain with a warm temperate zone semi-humid monsoon climate. There are macro fungi of 31 orders, 103 families, 275 species; lichen of 17 orders, 26 families, 38 species; algae of 24 orders, 35 families, 100 species; moss of 28 orders, 46 families, 71 species; fern of 8 orders, 11 families, 16 species; spermatophyte of 90 orders, 417 families, 1002 species. Among them, glycine ussuriensis is second level state protected. Acanthopanax, Aconitum ningwuense, Aconitum smithii, Rhodiola rosea, Codonopsis pilosula are provincial protected species. Endemic species include Ostryopsis davidiana, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Aconitum ningwuense, etc.

There are insects of 5 orders, 46 families, 400 species; spiders of 17 orders, 41 genus, 77 species; fish of 3 orders, 5 families, 15 species; amphibians of 1 order, 3 families, 5 species; reptiles of 2 orders,4 families, 14 species; birds of 17 orders, 48 genus, 249 species; mammals of 6 orders, 16 genus, 50 species.

There are 8 class I national protected animal species include Brown Eared Pheasant, fontanierii subspecies of North-Chinese leopard Panthera pardus japonensis, Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus, black stork Ciconia nigra, and 37 class II national protected animal species, 22 provincial protected wild animal species. Chinese endemic species include fish like Triplophysa wuweiensis, Triplophysa robusta, Triplophysa pappenheimi, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Gnathopogon polytaenia,Gobio rivuloides, Gekkosuinhouna Gunther; reptiles like Gekko swinhonis; Birds like brown eared pheasants Phoenicurus alaschanicus, Plain Laughingthrush, Chinese Hill Warbler Rhopophilus pekinensis; mammals like sciurotamias davidianus, Vespertilio murinus, Myospalax fontanierii, Grey Red-Backed Vole Myodes rufocanus, Tibetan pika Ochotona thibetana.

Statements of authenticity and/or integrity

The nominated property boundaries are appropriately drawn to protect the naturalness of the landscape and the areas required to maintain the scenic qualities of the property. The property, although relatively small, includes all of the intact forest ecosystem and habitat for its aesthetic and biodiversity values. Boundaries are accurately surveyed and demarcated. The property’s integrity is enhanced by the designation of a buffer zone that is not part of the inscribed property. The nominated property is sparsely populated and not disturbed by anthropogenic activities.

Comparison with other similar properties

There are another 2 listed world natural heritage taking cold temperate boreal forest and biodiversity outstanding universal values as criteria, the Shirakami-Sanchi and the Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany. Compared with these 2 world heritage sites, the nominated property is protecting a very different species, Prince Rupprecht’s larch, and endemic to China. It is the outstanding representative of north China cold temperate conifer forest and subalpine bush meadow, filling the gap of biodiversity world natural heritage in this area.

In China there are other listed world natural heritage with the OUV of aesthetic values and biodiversity such as Hubei Shennongjia and Sanqingshan, all of which are in the south of China, not covering the vegetation types and ecological process of the nominated property.

Luya Mountain is the only largest, most complete, and best-quality boreal conifer forest ecosystem. Compared with Taihang Mountains and Yan Mountains nearby, the Luliang Mountains where the nominated property is situated has a series of Tibetan flora in subalpine bush meadow, which differentiated the nominated property from other mountains in natural history and flora. Furthermore, the subalpine bush meadow of Luliang Mountains concentrates in Luya Mountain area. The following tables demonstrate the vertical zonation of vegetation in three mountains.


    转藏 分享 献花(0

    0条评论

    发表

    请遵守用户 评论公约