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1． 通读全文，领会大意，重视首句的开篇启示作用并把握文章的时态 在做题前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是绝不可省的一步。 每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。如果与答题有关，可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。 在解题之前，先要把文章通读一遍，弄清文章的体裁，文章体裁通常分为四种：记叙文、说明文、应用文和论述文。中考选文以记叙文为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读记叙文时，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果，对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。说明文要把握作者要介绍和说明的现象和情况。应用文则要把注意力放在正文信息上。 完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。 2. 细读全文，确定选项，抓住关键词，根据上下文解题 解题时，要遵循忠于全文大意和主题这一原则，联系上下文展开逻辑推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词，了解所提问题的特定语境，语篇中的内在关系。 在解题过程中，应遵循“先易后难”的原则，遇到个别难题不易判断时，可先跳过去，去解决那些靠上下文能确定的，比较直接明确的问题，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，或许在前面难以判断的题，下文就有暗示，甚至有明确的表示。因此，在选择答案时，应特别注意联系前后句，充分利用上下文为确定答案提供有用信息。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上，要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。 分析时应注意以下几点： (1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时，首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？ (2) 如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。 (3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级。 (4) 如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑动词的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词-ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等。 (5) 如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法。 (6) 如果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。 (7) 另外要注意一些固定句型、词组固定搭配。 3. 重读全文，验证答案 在全部空格补全以后，一定要根据填好的答案重读全文，看文章是否流畅，前后是否矛盾，语法结构是否无误。如果发现哪些地方读起来不流畅，那就说明那里有毛病，就要进行仔细推敲，验证。对于个别难度较大的题，可以凭自己的语感，坚持第一感觉进行选择。 三．总结 总之，解答完形填空题，需要： 一、不断积累并熟练掌握词汇、语法等语言基础知识和基本技能 二、扩大阅读量，培养良好的语感 三、拓宽视野，扩大文化背景知识 The Phone Call It was getting dark. Paul looked out of the window and signed (叹气). Dad said he could come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldn’t be much fun playing __31__ in the dark. Paul walked into his room and threw his baseball into the corner. He tried to do some homework, but couldn’t. The phone rang at about 8:00. It was Dad: “Paul, I’m __32__ , but I couldn’t play baseball with you tonight. I have to finish my work at the office. Maybe we can play this weekend. Oh no. How about next weekend?....” Paul couldn’t understand why Dad was so __33__ . He threw himself into the sofa and soon fell asleep. His book was still opened to the first page. The next day at school, Paul didn’t hand in his homework and __34__ a test. Mrs. Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school. “Paul, you didn’t do your homework.You didn’t pass the test and only got a D. This isn’t like you. What’s wrong?” Paul just sat there __35__ . “Paul, if you don’t want to talk, I will. I know that something’s worrying with you, but you have to get it out. You need to tell someone.” As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs. Green said. Maybe he didn’t do his homework because he wanted to get his dad’s __36__ . He knew Mrs. Green was right. He decided to take her advice. When Paul got home, he __37__ his dad. But there was no answer. Then it went to voicemail (语音信箱). Paul began talking: “Dad, I can’t play with you next weekend. I’ve got lots of problems with my homework. Also, I really don’t want to spend another day looking out of the window and waiting. Whenever you __38__ our plans, Dad, it hurts me. It’s not too late to rebuild our relationship, but we have to start small. Maybe you can help me with my __39__ sometime. Dad, I love you.” As Paul ended the call, he felt much relaxed. He didn’t know whether his dad would be different, but it didn’t matter. He himself __40__ . He expressed his feelings to the right person. He had a clear head as he was doing his homework that evening. 31. A. baseball B. cards C. chess D. toys 32. A. lucky B. sorry C. surprised D. pleased 33. A. famous B. helpful C. lazy D. busy 34. A. made B. missed C. failed D. chose 35. A. cheerfully B. comfortably C. hopefully D. quietly 36. A. attention B. message C. praise D. trust 37. A. saw B. thanked C. called D. greeted 38. A. prepare B. break C. follow D. question 39. A. choice B. homework C. speech D. decision 40. A. regretted B. complained C. insisted D. changed |
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