Peijie Chen,a,⁎ Lijuan Mao,a,b George P. Nassis,a,c Peter Harmer,d Barbara E. Ainsworth,a,e and Fuzhong Lif The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading globally. As of April 7, 2020, it has reached 184 countries and territories, infecting more than 1.4 million people worldwide with more than 82,000 deaths.1 The situation in China has improved significantly since December 31, 2019, when the outbreak in the city of Wuhan was first reported.2 Owing to the unprecedented and effective quarantine measures taken across the country, Chinese health authorities reported on March 18, 2020, that for the first time since the outbreak no new locally transmitted COVID-19 cases had been reported, marking a major turning point in the fight against the highly contagious coronavirus.3 Since then, the daily number of new cases in the mainland of China has dropped to double digits, with new infections primarily originating from incoming air passengers from outside China.4 With the easing of the COVID-19 public health emergency in China, many of the stringent measures implemented during the crisis are gradually being relaxed, and the country is cautiously and methodically preparing to begin a post-pandemic return to normality. As part of the effort to restore societal activities suspended due to the virus outbreak, hundreds of thousands of primary, secondary, and high schools across the country, closed in January in an effort to curb the spread of COVID-19, have begun to reopen and resume their regular academic and physical education curricula, especially in low-risk regions (i.e., in communities free of the disease). Months of closures and community-wide lockdowns have inevitably disrupted the routine physical activities of tens of millions of students in China. Therefore, as schools begin to come back into service, there is a public health need5,6 to ensure that all Chinese children and youth effectively move past the imposed restrictions that limited exercise by participating in the recommended levels of physical activity during the school day, including the time they spend being active in physical education classes. In addition, resuming regular physical activities may also help students recuperate from the stress and anxiety they experienced while in quarantine during the COVID-19 crisis. 1. Physical activity guidelinesCurrent guidelines on physical activity for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years generally recommend at least 60 min daily of the following moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activities:7
It is well-established that physical inactivity leads to the development of chronic diseases8,9 and, given the past 2–3 months of social lockdown in China, a rise in sedentary behaviors should be anticipated, with a subsequent negative impact on the health- and fitness-related outcomes of Chinese children and adolescents. Therefore, urgent actions are needed to normalize and restore physical activity among this population. Restoration of daily physical and sport activities should be progressive, beginning with short bouts of activities that are most appealing to children and youth and gradually increasing the number of days and the amount of participation time so that it is eventually sufficient to meet the guidelines while minimizing the risk of injury after the enforced layoff.10 2. PrecautionsFor public health reasons, staying active and healthy during the coronavirus pandemic has been important,11, 12, 13 and remains so now in China, where the severity of the outbreak seems to be subsiding. However, as the number of cases, deaths, and affected countries continues to rise,1,14 COVID-19 is clearly still a serious public health threat across the globe. Concerns remain about a second wave of the virus that might be triggered by cases involving travelers, many of whom are Chinese students returning after being in infected areas overseas.4,15 Therefore, the continued implementation of measures necessary for preventing the re-introduction of COVID-19 and protecting the health of Chinese children and youth as they return to the school environment remains critical. In light of these public health concerns, the World Health Organization (WHO),16 Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,17 Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China,18 and others19, 20, 21, 22 continue to emphasize the importance of preventing and controlling coronavirus and the steps that schools and parents should take to help protect children and adolescents as they resume their regular school schedules. Here, we outline several of these standard day-to-day precautions related specifically to physical activity among school-aged children and adolescents. 3. What should school administrators and physical educators do?
4. What should parents do?
5. ConclusionWhile these general recommendations focus on physical activity and health guidelines in China as the COVID-19 subsides, they are relevant for all countries globally. Participating in daily physical activity is known to facilitate healthy development in school-aged children and adolescents and is important for achieving the goals of Healthy China 2030,24 which include the prevention of the early onset of chronic diseases among Chinese citizens. As COVID-19 continues to spread globally, it is imperative that all school administrators, teachers, and parents remain vigilant and mindful of the recommended infection prevention and control measures as students return to normal life and resume their daily sports and physical activities. AcknowledgmentThe authors thank Yiahua Zi for her technical assistance in compiling and verifying the data provided in the article. 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