Journal of Cleaner Production：综合评价保护性农业措施组合对中国作物增产...

华北水利水电大学测绘与地理信息学院肖连刚团队评估和比较了不同种植区域和不同作物类型的各种保护性农业措施的有效性，然后综合评价了保护性农业措施组合对中国作物增产和碳排放的潜在影响。相关成果发表于Journal of Cleaner Production（IF=6.395）。

阅读论文全文请点击文末阅读原文。

Abstract

Conservation agriculture has been regarded as an efficient and clean management to increase crop production. However, the effectiveness of various conservation agriculture practices with respect to crop production is a controversial subject. In addition, calculating the overall effect of conservation agriculture in terms of crop production improvement by averaging the whole dataset is not uncommon, but field results should be weighted by the geographic regions and the effectiveness of various conservation agriculture combinations on crop cleaner production improvement based on weighted cropping region areas should be evaluated. In this study, we assessed and compared the effectiveness of various conservation agriculture practices in different cropping regions and among different crop types, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of how the combinations of conservation agriculture practices could potentially impact on crop yield improvement and carbon emission in China. The results showed that conservation agriculture practices were highly region-dependent: single conservation agriculture component was more suitable for the South, whereas straw mulching itself or combined with tillage reduction including no tillage and reduced tillage had significantly extraordinary performance in the North. Conventional tillage with straw mulching was the only conservation agriculture practice that led to significant increase of crop yield in all the cropping regions across China. We further found that the previously reported positive correlation between relative changes of yield and prolonged experimental duration could only be applied to conservation agriculture practices that had positive impact on crop production. The negative relationship between crop yield changes and annual precipitation was actually only observed for no tillage with straw mulching. These results demonstrate the different responses of conservation agriculture practices to various cropping region, crop types, climatic conditions, and application duration. Moreover, the results showed that the optimal combination of conservation agriculture for yield had a huge potential to increase crop production by 21.49% across China, which was higher than any of the single conservation agriculture practices. However, if the improper conservation agriculture practices were combined, it may lead to a crop yield decline by -2.30%. The combination for clean production could lead to an increase of crop yield by 6.89% and carbon emission reduction by 75%. Overall, this study illustrates that using single conservation agriculture practice is very likely to underestimate the increase potential of crop production, and the conservation agriculture management should thus be regarded as a package of tillage practices determined by yield improvement and carbon emission reduction according to cropping regions of different climatic conditions and crop types.

保护农业被认为是一种提高作物产量的有效和清洁的管理方式。但是，各种保护性农业措施对作物生产的有效性是一个有争议的主题。此外，通过对整个数据集求平均值来计算保护性农业对作物增产方面总体效果的方法并不少见，但实地结果应按地理区域加权，并应评估基于地理区域加权的各种保护性农业措施组合对提高农作物清洁生产的有效性。本研究评估和比较了不同种植区域和不同作物类型的各种保护性农业措施的有效性，然后综合评价了保护性农业措施组合对中国作物增产和碳排放的潜在影响。结果表明，保护性农业措施具有高度的区域依赖性：单一保护性农业措施更适合南方，而秸秆覆盖本身或与减少耕作（包括免耕和减少耕作）相结合在北方的效果更显著。秸秆覆盖-常规耕作是我国唯一一种能显著提高作物产量的保护性农业耕作措施。本文进一步发现，先前报道的产量相对变化与延长试验时间之间的正相关关系，只能应用于对作物生产有积极影响的保护性农业措施。实际上，作物产量变化与年降水量之间的负相关关系仅在秸秆覆盖-免耕时存在。这些结果显示了不同种植区域、作物类型、气候条件和施用时间对保护性农业措施的不同反应。结果表明，最优保护性农业措施组合对全国农作物增产潜力巨大，可增产21.49%，高于任何一种单一保护性农业措施。但是，如果结合不适当的保护性农业措施，则可能导致作物减产2.30%。与清洁生产相结合，可使农作物增产6.89%，碳排放减少75%。总的来说，本研究结果表明，采用单一的保护性农业措施很可能低估了作物增产的潜力，因此，保护性农业管理应被视为一整套耕作方法，根据耕种地区不同的气候条件和农作物类型，由产量的提高和碳排放量的减少来衡量其结果。