HOK设计 | 纽约拉瓜迪亚机场B航站楼

继2018年底HOK设计的纽约拉瓜迪亚机场B航站楼东部大厅的11个新登机口的启用，近期该机场B航站楼出发与到达大厅也投入使用。

项目信息

规模：120,775 平方米

服务：建筑设计、工程设计、室内设计、规划 城市设计、可持续发展设计

拉瓜迪亚机场由LaGuardia Gateway Partners (包括Vantage Airport Group) 开发和运营，由HOK与WSP USA设计。项目致力于以高效且方便灵活的航站楼提高乘客体验，同时以卓越的设计致敬纽约市宏伟与个性的建筑。

这座占地85万平方英尺（约78,968平方米）的四层设施为乘客提供服务与便利设施，包括航空公司的登机手续办理、行李托运、取行李处以及安检。增添的功能还包括更多的餐饮与购物选择。这个钢结构航站楼以其线状、精确铰接和动态形态，向陆侧和空侧呈现了一个现代而具有整体性的外观。紧跟大中央公园大道和机场通道曲线的结构取代了不连贯拼凑的旧结构。

出发与到达大厅作为新B航站楼的连接点，通过一对450英尺（约137米）的钢桁架人行天桥与两个大厅相连。连桥的透明侧墙高为65英尺（约19.8米），到达和出发的乘客可以在飞机滑行经过连桥下时欣赏到全景天际线与机场景观。

这些连桥不仅外观美观，它还将航站楼往大中央公园大道移动近600英尺（约183米）。HOK与Vantage机场集团合作采用的这一方法使航站楼加建两英里（约3,219米）的飞机滑行道，以减少机场地面交通延误。

团队设计了一个简单而直观的动线网络，包含了超过8英里（12,875米）的车行道和20座新连桥，提供了从机场到大中央公园大道和纽约市的便捷连接。这种复杂巧妙的路网为整个机场增添美观性。出发与到达大厅前面的道路紧邻着大中央公园大道，而它的立柱结构与出发和到达大厅一致，提供了一个连贯的视觉效果。

“B航站楼的建筑设计是首屈一指的。我们很高兴我们的乘客不仅能够欣赏到它引人注目的视觉效果，同时能够享受到利用创新理念改善的动线、舒适度和整体体验，” LaGuardia Gateway Partners首席执行官Stewart Steeves先生说道。“随着拉瓜迪亚机场B航站楼迈入新的篇章，我们感激我们的合作伙伴HOK和WSP为项目提供了一个能够载入纽约伟大建筑历史的设计。”

 “拉瓜迪亚机场是纽约市最重要的民用建筑之一。我们在设计拉瓜迪亚B航站楼时把重点放在了将这座机场的品质和体验与纽约市重新进行连接，”HOK总裁兼纽约办公室行政总监Carl Galioto, FAIA先生解释道。“我们的设计理念主要集中在两点：卓越的乘客体验和从大中央大道观望到的其建筑外观部分。这座建筑其实象征着纽约 ——一个由岛屿和桥梁组成的城市，乘客从连桥就可以观赏到纽约的天际线，从视觉上建立了与城市的连接。我们希望把拉瓜迪亚机场打造成能够代表这个大都市的机场。”

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“除了建筑本身，拉瓜迪亚的经过改进的新道路网络也与众不同，因为它从一开始就被设计成机场航站楼整体外观的一个关键特征，” WSP USA的首席运营官兼项目负责人Bernie McNeilly先生说道。“甚至在到达航站楼之前就能改善乘客的情绪，让他们感到非常舒适并给人一种即将开始一种愉快而舒服的旅行体验的感觉。它为纽约提供了一个平衡了美学、设计和功能的世界级的设施，必将为在纽约游览或旅行的人留下愉悦而难忘的印象。”

新的B航站楼对出发与抵达的乘客体验给予了同等的重视。这种构思挑战了机场普遍采用的做法，即为出发的乘客提供最具纪念意义的空间，同时将低矮的天花板、类似地下室的区域留给到达的乘客。而在拉瓜迪亚新的B航站楼，出发和到达的乘客将同样地享受到高耸、通风、规模宏大的大厅。

 方便灵活、适应性强、经久耐用 

WSP设计了能够适应当前和未来的交通需求、在受限的陆侧环境中逐渐演变的交通模式的转变及便利性的道路网络。它包括由现浇混凝土柱支撑的工字钢梁以及多跨度钢桁架承托的一层和双层的桥路系统。多阶段施工战略使现有机场能够持续运营，同时随着施工的完成无缝地转移到新的设施。

在航站楼的内部，所有值机柜台和乘客安检区都位于三楼。随着需求的变化，这一位置有助于B航站楼适应不断发展的安检和技术。“通用”设计不会给每个航空公司提供严格的范围，而是允许航空公司在航站楼内轻松移动，并在航站楼内扩大或缩小他们的占用面积。

新的B航站楼以LEED银级认证为目标，其可持续设计策略包括大量使用防眩采光、被动式遮阳、天然本地原料与韧性城市的理念从而减少灾害损失。新航站楼的高效性与布局将有助于降低飞机滑行时对燃料的需求，从而减少机场的整体碳足迹。

LaGuardia Airport Opens New Terminal B Headhouse

Project Facts

SIZE: 1.3 million sq. ft. / 120,775 sq. m.

SERVICES: Architecture, Engineering, Interiors, Planning Urban Design, Sustainable Design

Designed by HOK and WSP USA, the project marks a milestone in Governor Cuomo’s vision for a new unified airport befitting New York City. With the opening this week of the new Terminal B Arrivals and Departures Hall (also known as a headhouse), Governor Andrew Cuomo’s vision for a unified LaGuardia Airport is becoming a reality.

The facility, developed and operated by LaGuardia Gateway Partners (which includes Vantage Airport Group) and designed by HOK and WSP USA, carries that vision forward with a highly efficient yet adaptable terminal that transforms the passenger experience while paying homage to the architectural grandeur and individuality of New York City.

The four-story, 850,000-sq.-ft. facility houses passenger services and amenities, including airline check-in, baggage drop-off and pick-up, and security. These enhancements are supplemented by extensive food, beverage and retail options. The steel-framed terminal, with its linear, precisely articulated and dynamic form, presents a modern, cohesive face to both the landside and airside. It replaces a disjointed patchwork of structures with one that closely follows the curves of the Grand Central Parkway (GCP) and the airport access roads. 

Connected to two island concourses by a pair of 450-foot-long steel truss pedestrian bridges, the headhouse serves as the nexus to the new Terminal B. From these transparent-walled bridges, elevated 65 feet above grade, arriving and departing passengers can enjoy panoramic skyline and airfield views as taxiing planes pass beneath them.

The bridges offer more than a sleek appearance. They enabled the design team to move the terminal 600 feet closer to the GCP. This approach, on which HOK collaborated with Vantage Airport Group, allowed for the construction of two additional miles of aircraft taxi lanes that will reduce airport ground delays.

The team designed a simplified and intuitive circulation network comprising over eight miles of new roadway and 20 new bridges that provide an effortless connection from the airport to the GCP and New York City. This sophisticated roadway network becomes part of the overall airport aesthetic. The roadways in front of the headhouse frame the GCP, and its column structures align with the headhouse design to provide one cohesive visual.

“The architectural design of the new Terminal B is second to none. We’re excited for our guests to enjoy both the striking visuals this new terminal offers as well as the innovative concepts that improve passenger flow, comfort and the overall experience for travelers,” said Stewart Steeves, chief executive officer of LaGuardia Gateway Partners. “As we move into this new era of history for LaGuardia’s Terminal B, we’re grateful to our partners HOK and WSP for creating an aesthetic worthy of the great design history of New York.”

“LaGuardia Airport is one of New York City’s most significant civic buildings. Reconnecting the experience and quality of this airport with its extraordinary city was the prime focus of our design work at LaGuardia Terminal B,” said Carl Galioto, FAIA, HOK’s president and New York office managing principal. “Our design concept focuses on two main components: a superior passenger experience and an exterior architectural expression that conveys a civic presence from the Grand Central Parkway. The building is a metaphor for New York, a city of islands and bridges, and the terminal is connected to the city with views of the skyline from the passenger bridges. Our ambition was to help transform LaGuardia into an airport with a distinct civic identity worthy of this metropolis.”

“In addition to the building itself, LaGuardia’s new and improved roadway network is unlike any other, in that it was designed from the beginning as a critical feature of the overall airport terminal aesthetic,” added Bernie McNeilly, WSP USA’s chief operating officer for transportation and principal-in-charge of the project. “Even before passengers arrive at the terminal, they will get a satisfying sense that things have changed for the better here and will set in motion a more pleasant, comfortable travel experience. It provides New York with a world-class facility that balances beauty, design and function, and leaves those visiting or traveling through the city with a positive and memorable impression.”

The new Terminal B treats arrivals and departures with equal emphasis. This challenged the widespread practice among airports of offering the most monumental spaces to departures while relegating low-ceilinged, basement-like zones to arrivals. At LaGuardia’s new Terminal B, incoming and outgoing passengers will share soaring, airy, grand-scaled sequences.

 Flexible, Adaptable and Enduring 

WSP designed the roadway network to accommodate current and future transportation demands, evolving transportation mode shifts and accessibility in a constrained landside environment. It consists of precast bulb-tee beams spanning to cast-in-place concrete piers and multi-span continuous steel girder bridges with one- and two-level roadway structures. The construction phasing strategy enabled continual operation of the existing airport while seamlessly shifting to the new infrastructure as construction was completed.

Inside the terminal, all check-in and passenger screening areas are located on the third floor. As needs change, this location will give Terminal B the adaptability to accommodate evolving security screening and technology. Instead of providing rigid parameters for each of its airline tenants, the ‘common-use’ design allows airlines to move easily within the terminal, expanding or shrinking their footprints within the terminal.

The sustainable design strategies in the new Terminal B, which is targeting LEED Silver certification, include generous use of non-glare daylighting, passive shading, natural local materials and storm resiliency. The efficient new infrastructure and layout will reduce the airport’s overall carbon footprint due to lower fuel demands from taxiing aircraft.