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Recognizing the Pattern of Details：
Details are the proof or explanation of the main idea of a reading passage. It is important to notice and retain the necessary details that support the main idea. In processing his data, a writer usually follows certain patterns by which the main idea is developed. If you can recognize these organizational patterns, you will be able to make sense of what otherwise can seem like a big muddle of details.
There are many ways of organizing details. But writers do tend to present materials through the use of certain recognizable patterns. The most common organizational patterns are the following:
Space relationship. Details may be organized according to a space relationship.They usually move in an order, such as left to right, up to down, north to south,or vice versa. Words like right, left, up, down, above, below indicate position or location.
Time Sequence. Details are presented in the order in which they took place in time. This pattern is used frequently in describing the steps in a process or reporting
historical events. Signal words or phrases such as at first, after that, finally, once,earlier, now, eventually may help you identify the pattern.Example or Illustration. This pattern uses specific cases to move from the general to the particular. The most frequently used signal words or phrases in the pattern include for example, for instance, such as, in this case, to illustrate, that is, in other words.
Comparison and Contrast. Details are organized to emphasize the similarities or differences between two or more items. Comparison points out similarities;contrast points out differences. The following signal words or phrases are most frequently used in the pattern: in comparison, like, similarly, likewise, to compare, in contrast, on the other hand, however, nevertheless. Cause and Effect. This pattern is used to explain why and how something happened. The purpose is to show how two or more events are related. It starts with a cause and gives its effects. Or vice versa, it may give an effect or result and then tell what caused it. Signal words or phrases frequently used in this pattern include: because, for, due to, therefore, as a result, consequently, the reason. Addition. This pattern (sometimes called Enumeration) is one of the simplest.Supporting details are organized into a list of points, first one point, then another,then another. The purpose is to present facts. The following signal words are useful in finding items or facts in the list: first, second, third, one, another, moreover,furthermore, finally.
You can find these common patterns in textbooks, essays, speeches, advertising,
course lectures, conversation with friends, even in your own thinking. They are
simply logical patterns by logical thinkers. The patterns often combine and overlap.
Understanding organizational patterns helps you remember important details. 认识到细节的模式： 细节是对阅读文章的主要思想的证明或解释。重要的是要注意并保留支持主要思想的必要细节。在处理他的数据时，作者通常遵循某些模式来发展其主要思想。如果你能认识到这些组织模式，你就能够理解那些看似杂乱无章的细节。 组织细节的方法有很多。但作家们确实倾向于通过使用某些可识别的模式来呈现材料。最常见的组织模式如下： 空间关系。细节可以按空间组织关系。他们通常按顺序移动，如从左到右，从上到下，从北到南，或反之。像right，left，up，down，above，below这样的单词表示位置或位置。 时间顺序。细节按发生的先后顺序呈现。此模式经常用于描述流程中的步骤或报告历史事件。信号词或短语，例如开始、之后、最后、一次、更早、现在，最终可能有助于您识别模式.示例或插图。此模式使用特定的情况从一般情况移动到特定情况。模式中最常用的信号词或短语包括例如，例如，在本例中，例如，以说明，即，换句话说。 对比和对比。组织细节是为了强调两个或多个项目之间的相似性或差异。比较指出相似之处，对比指出不同之处。下列信号词或短语在模式中使用最为频繁：在比较中，类似地，同样地，在对比中，然而，在另一方面，尽管如此。 因果关系。这个模式用来解释为什么和怎么发生了什么。目的是展示两个或多个事件是如何关联的。它从一个原因开始并产生它的影响。反之亦然，它可能会产生效果或结果，然后告诉我们是什么导致了它。在这个模式中经常使用的信号词或短语包括：因为，因为，因此，结果，因此，原因。 添加。此模式（有时称为枚举）是最简单。支持细节被组织成一个点列表，首先是一个点，然后是另一个点，然后是另一个点。目的是陈述事实。下列信号词在查找列表中的项目或事实时很有用：第一、第二、第三、一个、另一个，此外，还有最后一个。 你可以在教科书、论文、演讲、广告、课程讲座、与朋友的对话中找到这些常见的模式，甚至在你自己的思维中也可以找到。它们只是逻辑思考者的逻辑模式。这些模式经常结合在一起重叠。理解组织模式帮助您记住重要的细节。
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