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Druid 数据摄入与查询示例

 码农书馆 2020-06-28

1.前置条件：

1.1 环境准备：

    Java 8 Linux，

    Mac OS X或其他类Unix操作系统（不支持Windows）

    8G的RAM

    2个vCPU

 

1.2 下载并解压 druid

    下载地址：https://www./dyn/closer.cgi?path=/incubator/druid/0.13.0-incubating/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating-bin.tar.gz

    解压命令：tar -xzf apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating-bin.tar.gz

    进入目录：cd apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating

 

1.3 下载并解压 zookeeper

    Druid依赖Apache ZooKeeper进行分布式协调，在druid的根目录中，下载并运行Zookeeper。运行以下命令：

    curl https://archive./dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.11/zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz -o zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz

    tar -xzf zookeeper-3.4.11.tar.gz

    mv zookeeper-3.4.11 zk

 

1.4 启动并运行druid

MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$ bin/supervise -c quickstart/tutorial/conf/tutorial-cluster.conf

    这将带来Zookeeper和Druid服务的实例，所有这些都在本地机器上运行，例如：

  1. MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$ bin/supervise -c quickstart/tutorial/conf/tutorial-cluster.conf

  3. [Tue Dec 25 16:11:35 2018] Running command[zk], logging to[/Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/var/sv/zk.log]: bin/run-zk quickstart/tutorial/conf

  5. [Tue Dec 25 16:11:35 2018] Running command[coordinator], logging to[/Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/var/sv/coordinator.log]: bin/run-druid coordinator quickstart/tutorial/conf

  7. [Tue Dec 25 16:11:35 2018] Running command[broker], logging to[/Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/var/sv/broker.log]: bin/run-druid broker quickstart/tutorial/conf

  9. [Tue Dec 25 16:11:35 2018] Running command[historical], logging to[/Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/var/sv/historical.log]: bin/run-druid historical quickstart/tutorial/conf

  11. [Tue Dec 25 16:11:35 2018] Running command[overlord], logging to[/Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/var/sv/overlord.log]: bin/run-druid overlord quickstart/tutorial/conf

  13. [Tue Dec 25 16:11:35 2018] Running command[middleManager], logging to[/Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/var/sv/middleManager.log]: bin/run-druid middleManager quickstart/tutorial/conf

    所有持久状态（如集群元数据存储和服务段）都将保存在apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating下的var目录中。服务的日志位于var / sv。

 

2.加载数据

    此示例数据位于Druid软件包根目录下的quickstart/tutorial/wikiticker-2015-09-12-sampled.json.gz中。页面编辑事件作为JSON对象存储在文本文件中。

    示例数据包含以下列，示例事件如下所示：

  1. {

  3.     "time": "2015-09-12T00:47:47.870Z",

  5.     "channel": "#vi.wikipedia",

  7.     "cityName": null,

  9.     "comment": "clean up using [[Project:AWB|AWB]]",

  11.     "countryIsoCode": null,

  13.     "countryName": null,

  15.     "isAnonymous": false,

  17.     "isMinor": false,

  19.     "isNew": false,

  21.     "isRobot": true,

  23.     "isUnpatrolled": false,

  25.     "metroCode": null,

  27.     "namespace": "Main",

  29.     "page": "Atractus duboisi",

  31.     "regionIsoCode": null,

  33.     "regionName": null,

  35.     "user": "ThitxongkhoiAWB",

  37.     "delta": 18,

  39.     "added": 18,

  41.     "deleted": 0

  43. }

2.1 通过kafka流式的方式加载数据

2.1.1 Kafka相关操作

（1）下载

  1. curl -O https://archive./dist/kafka/0.10.2.0/kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0.tgz

  3. tar -xzf kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0.tgz

  5. cd kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0

（2）启动kafka

MacBook-Air-3:kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0 g2$ ./bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties

（3）查看主题

MacBook-Air-3:kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0 g2$ ./bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --list

（4）创建主题

MacBook-Air-3:kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0 g2$ ./bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic wikipedia

（5）删除主题

MacBook-Air-3:kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0 g2$ ./bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --delete --topic wikipedia

2.1.2 druid 相关操作：

      数据进入kafka之后，需要定义一个datasource specfile告诉druid怎样接入数据，里面声明时间戳格式，纬度列、指标列、预聚合的粒度等等。

（1）在druid中启动从kafka中摄入数据的处理逻辑

MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$ curl -XPOST -H'Content-Type: application/json' -d @quickstart/tutorial/wikipedia-kafka-supervisor.json http://localhost:8090/druid/indexer/v1/supervisor

    说明：如果主管成功创建，您将收到包含主管ID的回复;在我们的例子中，我们应该看到{“id”：“wikipedia-kafka”}

    数据（定义datasource）：wikipedia-kafka-supervisor.json

  1. {

  3.   "type": "kafka",

  5.   "dataSchema": {

  7.     "dataSource": "wikipedia",

  9.     "parser": {

  11.       "type": "string",

  13.       "parseSpec": {

  15.         "format": "json",

  17.         "timestampSpec": {

  19.           "column": "time",

  21.           "format": "auto"

  23.         },

  25.         "dimensionsSpec": {

  27.           "dimensions": [

  29.             "channel",

  31.             "cityName",

  33.             "comment",

  35.             "countryIsoCode",

  37.             "countryName",

  39.             "isAnonymous",

  41.             "isMinor",

  43.             "isNew",

  45.             "isRobot",

  47.             "isUnpatrolled",

  49.             "metroCode",

  51.             "namespace",

  53.             "page",

  55.             "regionIsoCode",

  57.             "regionName",

  59.             "user",

  61.             { "name": "added", "type": "long" },

  63.             { "name": "deleted", "type": "long" },

  65.             { "name": "delta", "type": "long" }

  67.           ]

  69.         }

  71.       }

  73.     },

  75.     "metricsSpec" : [],

  77.     "granularitySpec": {

  79.       "type": "uniform",

  81.       "segmentGranularity": "DAY",

  83.       "queryGranularity": "NONE",

  85.       "rollup": false

  87.     }

  89.   },

  91.   "tuningConfig": {

  93.     "type": "kafka",

  95.     "reportParseExceptions": false

  97.   },

  99.   "ioConfig": {

  101.     "topic": "wikipedia",

  103.     "replicas": 2,

  105.     "taskDuration": "PT10M",

  107.     "completionTimeout": "PT20M",

  109.     "consumerProperties": {

  111.       "bootstrap.servers": "localhost:9092"

  113.     }

  115.   }

  117. }

（2）解压wikiticker-2015-09-12-sampled.json.gz

  1. MacBook-Air-3:tutorial g2$ pwd

  3. /Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/quickstart/tutorial

  5. MacBook-Air-3:tutorial g2$ gunzip -k wikiticker-2015-09-12-sampled.json.gz

    数据示例：

  1. {

  3.     "time": "2015-09-12T00:48:02.596Z",

  5.     "channel": "#es.wikipedia",

  7.     "cityName": "Mexico City",

  9.     "comment": "Cambio en la redacción del texto y correción en sintaxis",

  11.     "countryIsoCode": "MX",

  13.     "countryName": "Mexico",

  15.     "isAnonymous": true,

  17.     "isMinor": false,

  19.     "isNew": false,

  21.     "isRobot": false,

  23.     "isUnpatrolled": false,

  25.     "metroCode": null,

  27.     "namespace": "Main",

  29.     "page": "Mathis Bolly",

  31.     "regionIsoCode": "DIF",

  33.     "regionName": "Mexico City",

  35.     "user": "189.217.75.123",

  37.     "delta": -67,

  39.     "added": 0,

  41.     "deleted": 67

  43. }

（3）在kafka目录中，解压如下命令（向kafka中写入数据）

  1. MacBook-Air-3:kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0 g2$ export KAFKA_OPTS="-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"

  3. MacBook-Air-3:kafka_2.11-0.10.2.0 g2$ ./bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic wikipedia < /Users/g2/myresource/druid/apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating/quickstart/tutorial/wikiticker-2015-09-12-sampled.json

     现在，数据成功写入到kafka，接下来我们就可以到druid中进行查询了。

3.2 加载文件

3.2.1 准备数据和摄取任务规范：wikipedia-index.json

  1. {

  3.   "type" : "index",

  5.   "spec" : {

  7.     "dataSchema" : {

  9.       "dataSource" : "wikipedia",

  11.       "parser" : {

  13.         "type" : "string",

  15.         "parseSpec" : {

  17.           "format" : "json",

  19.           "dimensionsSpec" : {

  21.             "dimensions" : [

  23.               "channel",

  25.               "cityName",

  27.               "comment",

  29.               "countryIsoCode",

  31.               "countryName",

  33.               "isAnonymous",

  35.               "isMinor",

  37.               "isNew",

  39.               "isRobot",

  41.               "isUnpatrolled",

  43.               "metroCode",

  45.               "namespace",

  47.               "page",

  49.               "regionIsoCode",

  51.               "regionName",

  53.               "user",

  55.               { "name": "added", "type": "long" },

  57.               { "name": "deleted", "type": "long" },

  59.               { "name": "delta", "type": "long" }

  61.             ]

  63.           },

  65.           "timestampSpec": {

  67.             "column": "time",

  69.             "format": "iso"

  71.           }

  73.         }

  75.       },

  77.       "metricsSpec" : [],

  79.       "granularitySpec" : {

  81.         "type" : "uniform",

  83.         "segmentGranularity" : "day",

  85.         "queryGranularity" : "none",

  87.         "intervals" : ["2015-09-12/2015-09-13"],

  89.         "rollup" : false

  91.       }

  93.     },

  95.     "ioConfig" : {

  97.       "type" : "index",

  99.       "firehose" : {

  101.         "type" : "local",

  103.         "baseDir" : "quickstart/tutorial/",

  105.         "filter" : "wikiticker-2015-09-12-sampled.json.gz"

  107.       },

  109.       "appendToExisting" : false

  111.     },

  113.     "tuningConfig" : {

  115.       "type" : "index",

  117.       "targetPartitionSize" : 5000000,

  119.       "maxRowsInMemory" : 25000,

  121.       "forceExtendableShardSpecs" : true

  123.     }

  125.   }

  127. }

3.2.2 Load batch data

  1. MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$ bin/post-index-task --file quickstart/tutorial/wikipedia-index.json

  3. Beginning indexing data for wikipedia

  5. Task started: index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z

  7. Task log:     http://localhost:8090/druid/indexer/v1/task/index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z/log

  9. Task status:  http://localhost:8090/druid/indexer/v1/task/index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z/status

  11. Task index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z still running...

  13. Task index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z still running...

  15. Task index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z still running...

  17. Task index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z still running...

  19. Task index_wikipedia_2018-12-25T10:00:45.744Z still running...

  21. Task finished with status: SUCCESS

  23. Completed indexing data for wikipedia. Now loading indexed data onto the cluster...

  25. wikipedia loading complete! You may now query your data

  27. MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$

    现在，数据成功加载到druid，接下来我们就可以到druid中进行查询了。

 

3.查询数据

3.1 Native JSON queries

3.1.1 查询的数据请求示例

  1. {

  3.   "queryType" : "topN",

  5.   "dataSource" : "wikipedia",

  7.   "intervals" : ["2015-09-12/2015-09-13"],

  9.   "granularity" : "all",

  11.   "dimension" : "page",

  13.   "metric" : "count",

  15.   "threshold" : 15,

  17.   "aggregations" : [

  19.     {

  21.       "type" : "count",

  23.       "name" : "count"

  25.     }

  27.   ]

  29. }

3.1.2 查询：

MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$ curl -X 'POST' -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d @quickstart/tutorial/wikipedia-top-pages.json http://localhost:8082/druid/v2?pretty

3.1.3 执行结果

  1. [ {

  3.   "timestamp" : "2015-09-12T00:46:58.771Z",

  5.   "result" : [ {

  7.     "count" : 33,

  9.     "page" : "Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung"

  11.   }, {

  13.     "count" : 28,

  15.     "page" : "User:Cyde/List of candidates for speedy deletion/Subpage"

  17.   }, {

  19.     "count" : 27,

  21.     "page" : "Jeremy Corbyn"

  23.   }, {

  25.     "count" : 21,

  27.     "page" : "Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents"

  29.   }, {

  31.     "count" : 20,

  33.     "page" : "Flavia Pennetta"

  35.   }, {

  37.     "count" : 18,

  39.     "page" : "Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race"

  41.   }, {

  43.     "count" : 18,

  45.     "page" : "User talk:Dudeperson176123"

  47.   }, {

  49.     "count" : 18,

  51.     "page" : "Wikipédia:Le Bistro/12 septembre 2015"

  53.   }, {

  55.     "count" : 17,

  57.     "page" : "Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates"

  59.   }, {

  61.     "count" : 17,

  63.     "page" : "Wikipedia:Requests for page protection"

  65.   }, {

  67.     "count" : 16,

  69.     "page" : "Utente:Giulio Mainardi/Sandbox"

  71.   }, {

  73.     "count" : 16,

  75.     "page" : "Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism"

  77.   }, {

  79.     "count" : 15,

  81.     "page" : "Anthony Martial"

  83.   }, {

  85.     "count" : 13,

  87.     "page" : "Template talk:Connected contributor"

  89.   }, {

  91.     "count" : 12,

  93.     "page" : "Chronologie de la Lorraine"

  95.   } ]

 

3.2 Druid SQL queries

    德鲁伊还支持用于查询的SQL方言。让我们运行一个SQL查询，它等同于上面显示的本机JSON查询。

3.2.1 sql请求的json格式

  1. {

  3.   "query":"SELECT page, COUNT(*) AS Edits FROM wikipedia WHERE \"__time\" BETWEEN TIMESTAMP '2015-09-12 00:00:00' AND TIMESTAMP '2015-09-13 00:00:00' GROUP BY page ORDER BY Edits DESC LIMIT 10"

  5. }

3.2.2 查询

MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$ curl -X 'POST' -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d @quickstart/tutorial/wikipedia-top-pages-sql.json http://localhost:8082/druid/v2/sql

 3.2.3 执行结果

  1. [

  3.     {

  5.         "page": "Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung",

  7.         "Edits": 33

  9.     },

  11.     {

  13.         "page": "User:Cyde/List of candidates for speedy deletion/Subpage",

  15.         "Edits": 28

  17.     },

  19.     {

  21.         "page": "Jeremy Corbyn",

  23.         "Edits": 27

  25.     },

  27.     {

  29.         "page": "Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents",

  31.         "Edits": 21

  33.     },

  35.     {

  37.         "page": "Flavia Pennetta",

  39.         "Edits": 20

  41.     },

  43.     {

  45.         "page": "Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race",

  47.         "Edits": 18

  49.     },

  51.     {

  53.         "page": "User talk:Dudeperson176123",

  55.         "Edits": 18

  57.     },

  59.     {

  61.         "page": "Wikipédia:Le Bistro/12 septembre 2015",

  63.         "Edits": 18

  65.     },

  67.     {

  69.         "page": "Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates",

  71.         "Edits": 17

  73.     },

  75.     {

  77.         "page": "Wikipedia:Requests for page protection",

  79.         "Edits": 17

  81.     }

  83. ]

 

3.3 sql client

    为方便起见，Druid包中包含一个SQL命令行客户端，位于Druid包根目录的bin/dsql中。 我们现在运行bin / dsql;你应该看到以下提示：

  1. MacBook-Air-3:apache-druid-0.13.0-incubating g2$ bin/dsql

  3. Welcome to dsql, the command-line client for Druid SQL.

  5. Type "\h" for help.

  7. dsql>

3.3.1 示例1:

  1. dsql> SELECT page, COUNT(*) AS Edits FROM wikipedia WHERE "__time" BETWEEN TIMESTAMP '2015-09-12 00:00:00' AND TIMESTAMP '2015-09-13 00:00:00' GROUP BY page ORDER BY Edits DESC LIMIT 10;

  3. ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────┐

  5. │ page                                                     │ Edits │

  7. ├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────┤

  9. │ Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung                             │    33 │

  11. │ User:Cyde/List of candidates for speedy deletion/Subpage │    28 │

  13. │ Jeremy Corbyn                                            │    27 │

  15. │ Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents          │    21 │

  17. │ Flavia Pennetta                                          │    20 │

  19. │ Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race               │    18 │

  21. │ User talk:Dudeperson176123                               │    18 │

  23. │ Wikipédia:Le Bistro/12 septembre 2015                    │    18 │

  25. │ Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates                         │    17 │

  27. │ Wikipedia:Requests for page protection                   │    17 │

  29. └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘

  31. Retrieved 10 rows in 0.35s.

3.3.2 示例2：Timeseries

  1. dsql> SELECT FLOOR(__time to HOUR) AS HourTime, SUM(deleted) AS LinesDeleted FROM wikipedia WHERE "__time" BETWEEN TIMESTAMP '2015-09-12 00:00:00' AND TIMESTAMP '2015-09-13 00:00:00' GROUP BY FLOOR(__time to HOUR);

  3. ┌──────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

  5. │ HourTime                 │ LinesDeleted │

  7. ├──────────────────────────┼──────────────┤

  9. │ 2015-09-12T00:00:00.000Z │         1761 │

  11. │ 2015-09-12T01:00:00.000Z │        16208 │

  13. │ 2015-09-12T02:00:00.000Z │        14543 │

  15. │ 2015-09-12T03:00:00.000Z │        13101 │

  17. │ 2015-09-12T04:00:00.000Z │        12040 │

  19. │ 2015-09-12T05:00:00.000Z │         6399 │

  21. │ 2015-09-12T06:00:00.000Z │         9036 │

  23. │ 2015-09-12T07:00:00.000Z │        11409 │

  25. │ 2015-09-12T08:00:00.000Z │        11616 │

  27. │ 2015-09-12T09:00:00.000Z │        17509 │

  29. │ 2015-09-12T10:00:00.000Z │        19406 │

  31. │ 2015-09-12T11:00:00.000Z │        16284 │

  33. │ 2015-09-12T12:00:00.000Z │        18672 │

  35. │ 2015-09-12T13:00:00.000Z │        30520 │

  37. │ 2015-09-12T14:00:00.000Z │        18025 │

  39. │ 2015-09-12T15:00:00.000Z │        26399 │

  41. │ 2015-09-12T16:00:00.000Z │        24759 │

  43. │ 2015-09-12T17:00:00.000Z │        19634 │

  45. │ 2015-09-12T18:00:00.000Z │        17345 │

  47. │ 2015-09-12T19:00:00.000Z │        19305 │

  49. │ 2015-09-12T20:00:00.000Z │        22265 │

  51. │ 2015-09-12T21:00:00.000Z │        16394 │

  53. │ 2015-09-12T22:00:00.000Z │        16379 │

  55. │ 2015-09-12T23:00:00.000Z │        15289 │

  57. └──────────────────────────┴──────────────┘

  59. Retrieved 24 rows in 0.25s.



  63. dsql>

3.3.3 GroupBy

  1. dsql> SELECT channel, SUM(added) FROM wikipedia WHERE "__time" BETWEEN TIMESTAMP '2015-09-12 00:00:00' AND TIMESTAMP '2015-09-13 00:00:00' GROUP BY channel ORDER BY SUM(added) DESC LIMIT 5;

  3. ┌───────────────┬─────────┐

  5. │ channel       │ EXPR$1  │

  7. ├───────────────┼─────────┤

  9. │ #en.wikipedia │ 3045299 │

  11. │ #it.wikipedia │  711011 │

  13. │ #fr.wikipedia │  642555 │

  15. │ #ru.wikipedia │  640698 │

  17. │ #es.wikipedia │  634670 │

  19. └───────────────┴─────────┘

  21. Retrieved 5 rows in 0.13s.

3.3.4 EXPLAIN PLAN FOR

  1. dsql> EXPLAIN PLAN FOR SELECT page, COUNT(*) AS Edits FROM wikipedia WHERE "__time" BETWEEN TIMESTAMP '2015-09-12 00:00:00' AND TIMESTAMP '2015-09-13 00:00:00' GROUP BY page ORDER BY Edits DESC LIMIT 10;

  3. ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐

  5. │ PLAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    │

  7. ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

  9. │ DruidQueryRel(query=[{"queryType":"topN","dataSource":{"type":"table","name":"wikipedia"},"virtualColumns":[],"dimension":{"type":"default","dimension":"page","outputName":"d0","outputType":"STRING"},"metric":{"type":"numeric","metric":"a0"},"threshold":10,"intervals":{"type":"intervals","intervals":["2015-09-12T00:00:00.000Z/2015-09-13T00:00:00.001Z"]},"filter":null,"granularity":{"type":"all"},"aggregations":[{"type":"count","name":"a0"}],"postAggregations":[],"context":{},"descending":false}], signature=[{d0:STRING, a0:LONG}]) │

  11. └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

  13. Retrieved 1 row in 0.09s.

 

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