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每周二、五 18 : 10 按时送达 数据中心设计趋势3 Data Center Design Trends-3 上文回顾： 电气专业人员需要知道关于这些关键任务设施未来的一切 Everthing electrical professionals need to know about the future of these mission-critical facilities 当与数据中心项目的终端用户一起工作时，每个承包商都需要记住的提示 Tips every contractor needs to remember when working with end-users on data center projects. BY RICH COTTEN, P.E. AND PAT MCGETTIGAN, FAITH TECHNOLOGIES 在数据中心方面，有很多关于最佳实践的理论。以下是Faith Technologies团队鼓励与其合作的所有建设者牢记在数据中心项目中的一些应做和不应做的事情。 There are plenty of theories on best practices when it comes to data centers. Below are several do’s and don’ts that the Faith Technologies team encourages all of the builders it works with to keep in mind on data center projects. 虽然一些保险公司需要紧急断电（EPO）系统，但这一功能主要是带增压活动地板系统的工具。如果这不适用于你的项目，请使用其他选项。 While emergency power off (EPO) systems are required by some insurance companies, this feature is mainly a tool for systems with plenum-raised floors. If this doesn’t apply to your project, use other options. 实施地下管道计划时，在初始安装期间预留出架空空间，可节省成本同时降低未来变更的风险。 Implementing an underground conduit plan and leaving overhead space available during the initial installation provide cost savings and decreased risk for future change. 对紧急断电开关的常见误解是由于国家电气规范（NEC）中第645条，但已经不再需要90.3秒修正。这条规范的修改非常重要，因为使用紧急断电开关的替代方案可以提高系统的可靠性和正常运行时间，同时减少调试过程中遇到的预算、计划等麻烦问题。 The need for EPOs is a common misconception because of Art. 645 in the National Electrical Code (NEC), but Sec. 90.3 amends that it is not required anymore. This Code amendment is important because using EPO alternatives increases reliability and uptime of systems while decreasing issues with budgets, schedules, and headaches encountered during the commissioning process. 提供与紧急断电开关相同级别的保护（但限制人为错误）的好例子包括：热失控保护、选择性协调、消防和很早以前的烟雾探测和警报（VESDA）预作用系统，这些系统与楼宇自动化系统相连，通过短信、电子邮件和电话自动通知和升级报警。 Good examples of providing the same level of protection as an EPO (but limiting human error) include: thermal runaway protection, selective coordination, fire protection, and very early warning smoke detection and alarm (VESDA) pre-action systems tied to building automation systems with automatic notification and escalation alarms through text, email, and phone. BUILD IN STABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY FOR IT EQUIPMENT CONSOLIDATION OR MOVEMENT 由于用户收集和研究的数据量急剧增长，总体IT基础设施支出有所增加。马萨诸塞州弗雷明翰国际数据公司（IDC）预测，2015年至2019年，IT数据中心云支出将增21.2%，而传统IT基础设施支出将下降4.3%（如图） Overall IT infrastructure spending is up due to the sheer growth in the amount of data being gathered and studied by users. International Data Corporation (IDC), Framingham, Mass., forecasts that IT data center cloud spending will increase by 21.2% between 2015 and 2019, while traditional IT infrastructure spending will decrease by 4.3% (Figure). 尽管未来几年传统IT基础设施支出将减少，但IDC预计2019年将在传统数据中心支出636亿美元。 Although traditional IT infrastructure spending will decrease in the coming years, IDC projects $63.6 billion will be spent on traditional data centers in 2019. 尽管基础设施支出有所减少，但预计2019年仍将有636亿美元用于传统数据中心。这意味着数据中心将需要灵活地适应新的（环境？）和新兴的技术。 Despite the decrease in infrastructure spending, it is still projected that $63.6 billion will be spent on traditional data centers in 2019. This means data centers will need to be flexible to accommodate new ？ and emerging technology. 数据中心所有者在扩展方面可能面临艰难的选择，特别是在设施设备即将停止使用的情况下。这可能导致大量的“移动”和“整合”型项目。可伸缩性在两个方向上都有，因此请在设计方案中考虑以下内容： Data center owners may face tough choices regarding scaling, particularly if the facility equipment is nearing the end of its use. This could lead to a large volume of “moving” and “consolidation” type projects. Scalability happens in both directions, so consider the following in your design proposals: Size of the incoming utility service 传入公用服务的大小 Cost of electricity 电费 Modularity of the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) 模块化不间断电源（UPS） Incremental size of the generator 发电机的扩容 Utilization of bus duct instead of conduit and wire to the racks 利用母线槽代替管道和电缆连接到机架 Generator and heat exchanger space 发电机和热交换器的空间 Sustainability and accommodation of free cooling 自然冷却的可持续性和适应性  在考虑了以上条目的情况下进行设计评审有助于提高项目的成功率。 Performing a design review with these items in mind can improve the success of your project. 预制的定义是在工厂环境中组装部件并将完整组件运输到施工现场的一系列操作。对于一个项目来说，它通常是最安全、最快和最具成本效益的选择，因为组件是在受控环境中构建的。 Prefabrication is defined as the practice of assembling components in a factory environment and transporting complete assemblies to the construction site. It is often the safest, fastest, and most cost-effective option for a project because the components are built in a controlled environment. 在受控环境中构建组件可以降低许多风险因素，包括温度、装配位置、拥有正确的工具以及具备专业的制造流程。特别是在拥挤地区，零件随时可得，建筑得到优化，消除了由于天气造成的延误，也减少了与其他行业之间的协调。所有这些使得预制更具成本效益，因为它可以由更少的时间和人员来完成。 Building components in a controlled environment mitigates many risk factors, including temperature, position of assembly, having the right tools, and having an expert manufacturing process in place. The parts are readily at hand, building is optimized, delays due to weather are eliminated, and coordination with other trades is reduced, particularly in congested areas. All of this makes prefab more cost-effective because it takes less time and personnel to complete. 这是地下管道布线的一个例子。与地上路由相比，在初始安装时利用可用空间可以节省更多的成本/时间效率。 This is an example of underground conduit routing. Taking advantage of the available space on the initial installation provides more cost savings/time efficiencies than overhead routing. 在升级老化的数据中心时，终端用户往往对其双路冗余方案没有信心，他们会在关闭原有配电装置的同时祈祷能顺利切换到新安装的系统上。 When upgrading an aging data center, end-users often struggle to find confidence in their dual-path redundancy scheme, crossing their fingers when shutting down power distribution units (PDUs) while transitioning over to a newly installed system. 成功的升级取决于正确的调试，而不是运气。IT设备与其配套的电力设施之间需要制定一个良好的调试程序；在没有安装IT设备并完成初步调试时，调试UPS和PDU是不完整的。在机柜上电运行之前，所有设备都应贴上标签并完成竣工图。由于时间紧迫或It部门和设施经理之间的沟通不畅，跳过上述的一步是很有诱惑力的，但这是流程的一个重要部分。 A successful upgrade comes down to proper commissioning, not luck. A good commission procedure needs to be developed between IT equipment and its supporting electrical infrastructure; it isn’t complete when UPS and PDUs are commissioned, but rather when IT equipment is installed and preliminary testing is completed. Before the cabinet is ever “lit,” all equipment should be labeled and as-built drawings completed. It can be tempting to skip this step because of tight deadlines or miscommunication between IT and facility managers, but it’s an important part of the process. 在实际数据中心的建设过程中，一个非常普遍的疏忽是未能把临时电力费用编入预算。许多承包商认为使用电网供电是既定的，但往往发现一条线路没有像他们认为的那样有选择地协同动作，导致调试或测试的延误且产生高昂的额外费用。 A remarkably common oversight is failing to budget for temporary power during construction at a live data center. Many contractors assume that using house power is a given, but often find that the one-line is not as selectively coordinated as they believed, leading to delays in commissioning or testing and high-dollar extra costs. 不要对能源需求感到惊讶，而是提前计划从临时电力公司或移动发电机输送电力的路线，并花时间提供一整套说明在现场实施临时电力计划的合同文件。单线图或简单葡萄干图应基于负荷计算，包括项目各阶段现场各专业提出的所有临时设备。 Instead of being taken by surprise by energy needs, plan ahead for routes of delivering power from a temporary electric utility service or mobile generator — and take the time to provide a full set of contract documents that illustrate the plan for implementing temporary power onsite. A one-line or simple raiser diagram should be based on load calculations that include all temporary equipment proposed by each discipline onsite during each stage of the project. 数据中心的架空空间是主要的不动产，这意味着它可能很快变得拥挤。除了您的布线路径外，架空空间还需要容纳机械管道系统、管道、灭火系统和结构构件，因此提前规划并为将来的需要留出空间至关重要。 The overhead space in a data center is prime real estate, meaning it can quickly become congested. In addition to your wiring pathways, overhead space needs to accommodate mechanical ductwork, plumbing, fire suppression, and structural members, so planning ahead and leaving space for future needs is critical. 数据中心上方的天花板空间，特别是在电力室，经常被馈线通道的导管堵塞。确保充分利用地下和板内导管管路。通过使用这些管道，您可以减少改造期间各专业之间的冲突，并在吊架、弯曲和安装上节省资金。 The ceiling space above the data center, particularly in the electrical room, too often becomes clogged with conduit for feeder pathways. Make sure you fully utilize underground and in-slab conduit runs. By using those conduits, you can reduce collisions between trades during remodeling and save money on hangers, bending, and installation. 对公司IT和设备系统信息的需求持续增加，特别是随着协同定位越来越普遍。数据中心的决策需要通过动态、系统的信息流和分析来支持。如果您的目标是为客户构建和维护一个具有最大灵活性和可扩展性的数据中心设施，以响应每一个不断变化的业务需求，那么您需要推动DCIM。 The need for information about a company’s IT and facility systems continues to increase, particularly as co-location becomes more common. Decision-making in data centers needs to be supported through a dynamic, systematic information flow and analysis. If your goal is to build and maintain a data center facility for your customers with maximum flexibility and scalability to respond to every changing business need, then you need to push for a DCIM. 没有及时准确的设施信息可能会导致负面后果，从空间、电力或冷却不足到产能过剩，导致不必要的开支。 Not having facility information that is timely and accurate can result in negative outcomes, ranging from insufficient space, power, or cooling to excess capacity resulting in unnecessary expense. 关键任务锁定或挂牌（LOTO）程序不能简单化，因为关键任务设施是复杂的环境。因此，锁定或挂牌过程必须与空间的复杂性相称。 Mission critical lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures can’t be made simple because mission critical facilities are complex environments. Thus, LOTO procedures must be commensurate with the complexity of the space. 电力系统的目标是提供不间断电源，而不间断电源本质上构成了复杂性，涉及到双馈设备。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦所说的，我们应该尽一切努力“使一切尽可能简单，但不要简单。”有据可查的程序和培训是必不可少的。 The objective of the power system is to provide uninterruptable power, which, by its nature, constitutes complexity and involves dual feed equipment. Every effort should be made, as Albert Einstein was reported to have said, to “Make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler.” Well-documented procedures and training are imperative. 在满足不断变化的商业环境需求时，改造现有的数据中心是一个经济高效的选择。然而，挑战在于，它有点像在4万英尺高空试图改造一架飞机——这是可行的，但它需要高超的技巧和计划。改造数据中心的一个关键的第一步是在改造时为客户做好可能发生的停机准备，并确保您的新设计确实具有灵活性和可扩展性。 Retrofitting an existing data center can be a cost-effective option when addressing the demands of a changing business climate. The challenge, however, is that it’s a bit like trying to remodel an airplane while it’s 40,000 feet in the air — it’s doable, but it requires great skill and planning. A critical first step to retrofitting a data center is preparing your customer for probable outages while you retrofit and ensure that your new designs are indeed flexible and scalable. 数据中心设施平均每10年进行一次设计升级。升级的一些最常见原因包括希望提高能效或冗余和/或改变电源和冷却系统的容量。 An average data center facility undergoes a design upgrade every 10 years. Some of the most common reasons for an upgrade include wanting to increase energy efficiency or redundancy and/or make capacity change in power and cooling. 如今面临的挑战是，公司可能比最初建立时更加依赖它。如前所述，这意味着您可能需要使用临时发电机并安装新的开关设备、不间断电源和配电设备，以避免停机。 What’s challenging today is that companies likely rely more heavily on it than they did when it was first built. As discussed earlier, this means you may need to use temporary generators and install new switchgear, UPS, and power distribution equipment to avoid outages. IDC、Cisco和Gartner都在预测数据中心计算平台的重大变化，预测到2019年，所有数据中只有14%将由传统类型的数据中心处理。这意味着86%的计算工作负载将在短短几年内在云类型的数据中心处理。数据中心世界的这种转变是设计和构建时必须考虑到未来的变化和适应性的原因。 IDC, Cisco, and Gartner are all forecasting major shifts in data centers’ computing platforms — with predictions that by 2019 only 14% of all data will be processed by traditional-type data centers. This would mean that 86% of computing workloads will be processed in cloud-type data centers in just a few years. This type of shift in the data center world is why it’s essential to design and build with future change and adaptability in mind. 数据中心将采用创新的、高科技的建筑材料，这种材料的适应性足以支持他们目前正在努力实现的目标，而且其强度也足以应对未来的挑战。 It makes sense that data centers would adopt innovative, high-tech building materials — materials adaptable enough to support the goals they’re working toward today and strong enough to stand up to tomorrow’s challenges, as well. 与其他项目一样，数据中心建设的第一个挑战是控制成本。如前所述，镀锌钢弯头历来用于数据中心的扩建。然而，相对较高的镀锌钢重量增加了启动成本。 The first challenge in data center construction, as in any project, is to control costs. As mentioned, galvanized rigid steel elbows have historically been used in data center build-outs. However, the relatively high weight of GRC contributes to increased starting costs. 数据中心完整性面临的下一个挑战是地下故障的高发性，以及PVC导管特有的烧穿性。在建立一个稳定的光纤电缆管道系统时，工程师需要具有故障电阻特性和低摩擦系数的材料，以及在布放电缆时尽量避免被烧穿的材料。 The next challenges to data center integrity are the susceptability to underground faults and the burn-through that is characteristic of PVC conduit. In creating a stable system of optical fiber raceways, engineers need materials that feature fault resistance and a low coefficient of friction and materials that minimize burn-through when pulling cable. 再加上大气污染造成腐蚀的可能性，以及在火灾中丢失有价值的基础设施和信息的风险，数据中心面临着一长串的挑战。 Add in the possibility of corrosion created by atmospheric contamination and the risk of losing valuable infrastructure and information to a fire, and data centers have a long list of challenges. 幸运的是，应对每一个挑战的产品列表非常简短。 Luckily, the list of products that address each and every one of these challenges is a very short one. 在挑战名单上，每一个“必备”的产品都是冠军玻璃纤维增强热固性树脂导管弯头。我们的客户意识到有机会在不牺牲强度和安全的前提下，用冠军玻璃纤维增强弯头替换镀锌钢弯头，从而节省材料、运费和人力成本。 The product that hit every “must-have” on that challenge list was Champion Fiberglass Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit (RTRC) elbows. Our client realized there was an opportunity to save on material, freight, and manpower costs up front — without sacrificing strength or safety — by replacing GRC elbows with Champion Fiberglass reinforced elbows. 随着数据中心设计越来越注重密度（即，将尽可能多的服务器空间安装到可用的平方英尺中），弯头必须支持所需的电缆数量，同时尽量减少烧穿。冠军玻璃纤维肘部具有低摩擦系数和单回路缠绕工艺，有助于降低烧穿、故障电阻和延长重要电缆的使用寿命。 As data center design focuses more and more on density — i.e., fitting as much server space as possible into the available square footage — elbows must support the amount of cable necessary while minimizing burn-through. Champion Fiberglass elbows feature a low coefficient of friction and a single-circuit winding process, contributing to low burn-through, fault resistance, and longer life for vital cables. 最后，还有腐蚀的挑战。尽管许多人不认为数据中心是腐蚀性环境，但据主要IT设备制造商称，出现污染相关故障的数据中心数量正在上升。微粒和灰尘污染会导致数据中心故障，冠军玻璃纤维弯头可承受与杂质相关的腐蚀。在数据中心发生火灾的情况下，玻璃纤维管道会释放出非常少的烟雾且不含卤素，而聚氯乙烯材料会释放出氯或溴。 Finally, there’s the challenge of corrosion. Although many wouldn’t consider data centers to be corrosive environments, according to major IT equipment manufacturers, the number of data centers with contamination-related failures is on the rise. Particulate and dust contamination contribute to data center breakdowns, and Champion Fiberglass elbows are built to withstand corrosion associated with foreign matter. And in the case of a data center fire, fiberglass conduit emits very low smoke and zero halogens — not the chlorine or bromine released by PVC-based materials. 选择这种冠军玻璃纤维弯头可以帮您立即省去很多麻烦，使现场处理更便捷，运费更低，总安装成本更少。由于产品的耐腐蚀性、抗故障性和消除电缆烧穿，这些弯头将在设备的整个生命周期内支持我们客户的创新。 Choosing Champion Fiberglass elbows showed immediate savings in terms of easier field handling, lower freight cost and a lower total installation cost. And thanks to the product’s corrosion resistance, fault resistance and elimination of cable burn-through, these elbows will be supporting our client’s innovations for the entire lifecycle of the facility. |
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