一、 用作形容词或代词,表示“一些”时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,用以代替 some (此时any一般用来修饰不可数名词或复数名词,而不用来修饰单数可数名词);若是表示“任何”之义,则通常用于肯定句 (此时any (一般用来修饰不可数名词或单数可数名词,而很少修饰复数名词)。如: B:No, I haven’t any money. If there is any trouble, let me know. 如果有麻烦,就告诉我一声。二、表示“任何”,指三者或三者以上的任何一个,不能指两者中的任何一个任何 (指两者中的任意一个,要用either)。因此可以说either of my parents, 但不说 any of my parents。三、 在表示请求或邀请的疑问句中,一般要用some, 而不用any。如:Why not give her some flowers? Would you like some bananas? 四、 按英语习惯,any 用于否定句时,它通常要出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前。如:正:He doesn’t know any French. 误:Any man can’t do it. (应改为:No one can do it. ) 误:Any friend of mine knows no French. (应改为:None of my friends know French)Any friend of mine knows no French. (有的词书认为:主语部分有 any 时,谓语 (及其宾语)不能用否定式。其实这种说法是不准确的,下面几句均引自权威词典,它们的主语部分用了any, 而谓语又用了否定式,这只是因为 any 出现在否定词的后面而不是前面。如:Don’t any of you know? She was becoming an actress. Never have any of them been interested in music. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in Japan. 在这两句中,第一句的 any 之后用了 other, 是因为 Shanghai在China 范围之内;第二句没用other, 则是因为Shanghai 不在Japan范围之内。六、 用作副词,通常用在比较级之前表示程度或用于习语 be any good [use] (有任何用处)。如:Buy it if it is any good [use]. 七、用于 if any, 意为“若有”、“即使有”。如:Point out errors, if any. There are few, if any, mistakes in that book.
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