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在英语中如何表达“上班、下班、加班和休假”

 外语行天下 2020-07-22
一、上班

I'm going to be late.
我要迟到了。

I punched in on time today.
我今天按时打上了卡。

It's time to go to work.
上班时间到了。

I drive to work every day.
我每天开车去上班。

How do you go to work?
你怎么上班?

I always go to work on foot.
我经常步行去上班。

I left the key at home when I went to work.
我去上班时吧钥匙落在家里了。

二、下班

1、询问下班常用表达方法:

Are you off work?
你下班了吗?

Did you get off work?
你下班了吗?

Did you finish your work?
你完成工作了吗?

When do you come off duty?
你什么时候下班?

2、还有其他表示下班的方法:

knock off    删除;下班;收工
knock off 除了有熟知的减少、删除的意思外,还可以用来表达下班,例如:

If I get this report finished I'll knock off early.
如果我写完这篇报告,我就会早点下班。

call it a day    到此为止;结束;下班
这句话使用的频率也很高!只要想表达活动告一个段落,或是建议共事者该结束一天的工作回去休息了都适用,例如:

Let's call it a day and go to the movies.
我们下班看电影去吧!

Look, man! We're all tired! Let's call it a day.
哥们,我们都累了,还是先下班吧。

leave the office    离开办公室;下班
leave the office 的字面意思是离开办公室,可以引申为下班。

Yes, I'll leave the office at the same time as usual.
是的,我将和平常一样准时下班。

I'm still at work. I'll call you as soon as I leave the office.
我还在上班,一下班就打电话给你。

三、加班

work overtime    动词

Would you work overtime today?
今天你加班吗?

We get extra time off in lieu of payment for working overtime.
我们加班没有加班费,可以以休假代替。

He would work overtime, without pay, to finish a job.
他会为了完成工作无偿加班。

overtime work    名词

If so, do you get paid more for overtime work? 
如果有,你得到加班费了吗?

You must know our working hours are very long and overtime work is frequent. 
你得知道我们的工作时间很长,而且加班是常有的事。

His illness has something to do with his overtime work. 
他生病与他加班加点的工作有些关系。

其他

We are paid double time for working after 5:00pm.
我们下午五点之后工作的话,时薪会比平时的时薪高一倍。

I need to finish up this project I've been working on. So I guess I am going to work through the night.
我得把手头上这个项目做完,我想我得熬夜了。

Nothing pisses me off more than having to stay late and work unpaid overtime.
我最烦的就是加班,而且是没有加班费的加班!

If you add up all the vacation time and comp hours I have, I have a lot of time.
如果把我的假期和加班换来的补偿时间加起来的话,我有很多时间可以休息呢!

四、休假

1、调休

in lieu [luː] | in lieu of ...    代替 

I want to take Saturday off in lieu of the overtime I worked last Friday.
我想要周六调休来替换我之前周五的加班。

I suddenly want to take one day off in lieu yesterday.
昨天我突然想调休一天。

I suppose that I may ask for two days off in lieu tomorrow.
我想我可能明天申请调休两天。

change day off

He wanted to change his days off and got a fellow worker to trade with him.
他想调休,找到一位同事和他对换。

其他

I'm working without overtime pay, so I can take some days off later.
我加班没有加班费,所以我可以在以后调休几天。

I am take the day off tomorrow to make up for last sunday. 
我明天休假,来补休上周日的假。

2、各种假期说法

annual leave    年假

maternity leave    产假

paternity leave    陪产假

sick leave    病假

personal leave    事假

marriage leave    婚假
  
funeral leave    丧假

menstruation leave    生理假

leave for religious holidays    宗教假

Paid Time Off (PTO)    带薪年假

五、上班相关的短语:

clock in | clock on | punch in   上班打卡    

I called John and asked him to use my card to clock in.
我打给约翰让他帮我打卡上班。

They arrived to clock on and found the factory gates locked.
他们到了工厂准备打卡上班,却发现大门没开。

We are required to punch in at 8 every morning. 
我们规定每天早上8时打上班卡。

clock out | clock off | punch out   下班打卡

She had clocked out of her bank at 5.02 p.m. using her plastic card.
下午5点02分,她拿着塑料考勤卡从银行打卡下班。

The Night Duty Officer was ready to clock off. 
值夜班的警员准备打卡下班。

Do we also need to punch out after work? 
我们下班也要打卡吗?

ask for leave / take one day off    请假

I asked for leave, but my manager rejected me.
我申请请假,但经理不同意。

Don’t look for me next week, because I will take 10 days off.
下周不要找我,因为我请了10天假。

work overnight    通宵工作

The deadline is tomorrow. We need to work overnight in order to finish it. 明天就是截止日期了。我们要通宵工作去完成。

overtime pay    加班费

He pulls in a lot of overtime pay each month.
他每月挣得不少加班费。

comp time = compensatory   补偿时间(指对无加班费的补偿)

In some cases, compensatory time may be given in lieu of overtime pay. 
在某些情况下,可以给予补偿时间来代替加班费。

rotate    (工作)由…轮值

We rotate the night shift so no one has to do it all the time.
我们轮流值夜班,这样就不会有人总是夜班了。

shift work    轮班

The management is introducing a shift work. 
管理部门将采用轮班工作制。

three shifts    三班倒;三班

Our factory operates round the clock on three shifts. 
我们厂日夜三班倒。

day shift    白班,日班

He works the day shift or night shift. 
他上白班或夜班。

night shift    夜班

I'm on the night shift today. 
我今天上夜班。

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