by 是一个用法非常广泛的单词,可以作介词,也可以作副词。 一、by 作介词 1、用来暗示某事靠近某物或在某物的旁边,意为“靠近,在…旁边”,例如: Our grand parents’ house is situated by a beautiful river. 我们祖父母的房子坐落在一条美丽的河边。 By the cottage, there is a nice little fountain. 小屋旁边有一个漂亮的小喷泉。 2、用来提及运输方式,意为“开…,坐…,乘…”等,例如: We travelled by car. 我们开车旅行。 She has already made plans to travel by train. 她已经制定了乘火车旅行的计划。 3、用来指示一个时间段,意为“不迟于…,在…之前”,例如: I will hand over the report by next Friday. 我将在下星期五前交报告。 I will be finishing off by 6 o’ clock today. 我今天六点前就要下班了。 4、用来表明某人必须经过某人或某物,意为“经过”,例如: He walked by me without speaking. 他一言不发地从我身边走过。 You have to come by the lake, to get to her place. 你必须经过湖边,才能到她家。 5、用来提及谁负责创作,写作或制作,意为“由…创作,由…写作,由…制作”等,例如: Pride and Prejudice is one of the finest novels written by Jane Austen. 《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀创作的最优秀的小说之一。 This is one of the greatest plays composed by Ibsen. 这是易卜生创作的最伟大的戏剧之一。 6、用来指示某物的增长或减少,意为“(增长或下降了)…数量”等,例如: Since the election is next month, no wonder that the prices have dropped by 20%. 因为下个月选举,难怪物价下降了20%。 House prices went up by 10%. 房价上涨了10%。 7、用来指示做某事的方式,意为“靠…,通过…,采取…”等,例如: For the transaction I wish to pay by cash. 我想用现金支付这笔交易。 I will contact you by letter. 我会给你写信联系的。 8、用于乘除运算,例如: |
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