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2019全国1卷D翻译 Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date --- sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said. 人善天不欺 （注：本文标题是英文谚语“Nice guys finish last.人善被人欺”的变化形式。） 美好的小学时代，我既爱与人分享自己的洋娃娃，又爱给人讲笑话，这使我一直享有很高的交际地位——我就是课堂下的校园女皇。然而，随着青少年期的降临，来到我生活中的还有一些坏女孩和耍酷少年们。他们不是因为与人友善而名声大噪，而是由于抽烟、违纪、捉弄他人等恶习。很快，我也随波逐流，成了他们中的一份子。 受欢迎度是社会心理学中一个已经深入探究的课题。临床心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者。讨人喜欢的人非常合群，这种特质能深化校园友谊，迅速提升人际交往技巧。而且，这种特质如果发掘的早，会在我们日后的生活及工作之中终生受用；还有一种在青少年时期出现的受欢迎度是源于权力甚至不光彩行为的地位。 尽管耍酷少年们看起来很令人羡慕，但普林斯坦博士的研究却显示出令人不快的结果。那些在高中交际地位最高的人，以及那些在小学时最不受欢迎的人，“最有可能会做出一些高危及冒险的事儿”。 在一项研究中，普林斯坦博士对235名青少年进行了有关两种受欢迎度的细致分析，并基于学生研究对最不受欢迎者、最受欢迎者和地位最高者进行了评分。“我们发现，随着时间的推移，最不受欢迎的青少年对他们的同学会变得更加盛气凌人。”可是，（意外的是，）那些交际地位很高的人竟然也如出一撤。这清楚地表明，虽然讨人喜欢可以带给我们良好的人际适应能力，但是很高的交际地位对我们的影响却恰恰相反。 普林斯坦博士还发现，促使你身边的小伙伴与你相约玩耍的特质是---爱分享、善良以及开放。这些特质可以延续很久，并使你能够更好地与他人交往联系。 在对自己及其他更多的研究进行分析时，普林斯坦博士得出了另一个结论：讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果密切相关，而且也会促使产生这些结果。他说：“被人喜欢能够创造出学习以及多种新生活经验的机会，从而帮助某人获得某种优势。” |
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