直接引语变间接引语
直接引语和间接引语的定义。
直接引语直接引用别人的话叫直接引语,
间接引语用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
直接引语前后加引号;间接引语不必加引号。
Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”(直接引语→?Hesaidthathewasastudent.(间接引语
主句从句主句从句
当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时,首先要注意用特殊疑问词,其后用语序的句子,同时注意人称、时态、时间状语的变化”Ilikemathverymuch.
→?Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.
二随宾 引号内的第二人称变间引后与主?句宾语的人称保?持一致 He?said?to?Lily,?“?you?must?get??up?early”
→?He?told?Lily?that??she?must?get?up??early
三不用变 引号内的第三人?称在变间引后去人?称不变 She?said?to?me?,?“?They?want?to?help?him”?
→?She?told?me?that??they?wanted??help?him
★(二).时态变化
?宾语从句时态变化规则:主现从不限;主过从四过(即4种过去的时态:一般过去时;过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.
主句的时态 从句的时态 例句 一般现在时
Hesays 所需的任何时态 Hesays,”helikesmathverymuch.
→?Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch
一般过去时
Hesaid 直接引语间接引语 Hesaid,“heisastudent.”→Hesaidthathewasastudent 现在进行时过去进行时”→Hesaidthathewasreading 一般将来时过去将来时”→Hesaidthathewouldgohome 一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时时间状语
直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this
these that
those
时间状语 now
today
tonight
thisweek
yesterday
lastweek
threedaysago
tomorrow
nextweek then
thatday
thatnight
thatweek
thedaybefore
theweekbefore
threedaysbefore
thenextday/thefollowingday
thenextweek/thefollowingweek 地点状语 here there 动词 come
bring go
take
直接引语 连接词 例句 注意事项 陈述句 hat
(常省略) Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”
→?Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher.. 连接词:that
一般疑问句
f/whether.“是否 Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”
→?Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.
1.改为“陈述语序”去掉Do,Does,Did
改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置
特殊疑问句 Heaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?”
→?Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.
Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”
→?HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked. 1.改为“陈述语序”
去掉Do,Does,Did
改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置
ask(tell)sb.todosth Heshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.”
→?HetoldLilytoclosethedoor. 1.不用连接词
2.不改变时态。
3.无须考虑语序
(tell)sb.nottodosth. Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”
→?Heaskedmenottobelate.
注意:
语序不变的有:What’thematterwithyou?What’swrongwithyou?
但What’sthetroublewithyou?的语序要变
1)从句中有or/ornot。例:sheaskswhetherhestayed。
2.只用whether2)与不定式todo连用。例:Ican’tdecidewhethertotellhimthenews
3)在介词后。例:theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanaffordthenewhouse
用法是有区别的,但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候,我们要选whether
★3.宾语从句语序:陈语述序,即:连接词+主语+谓语+其它。
或连接词(此时连接词充当主语)+谓语+其它。
陈述语序中:be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。
例:1)canyoutellmewhereisthehospital(错)
canyoutellmewherethehospitalis.(对)
2)Idon’tknowwhetherdoeshespeakChinese(错)
Idon’tknowwhetherhespeaksChinese(对)
3)Iamnotsurewhatcanhedo(错)
Iamnotsurewhathecando(对)
中考考点:时态、语序、连接词
练习题一、填空,每空一词:
“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.
Hesaidthat_____________havingsupper.
2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.
3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.
5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.
Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.
HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.
Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______.
8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaid.
He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”
Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.
Heasked______________knewwhereshe_______.
13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.
He_______thechildren______________quiet.
14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.
Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.
15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.
He______________Iwasinterestedin_______.
二、选择:
1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.
A.bring?????B.brought?????????C.bring????????D.tobring
2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.
A.notplay?????B.nottoplay?????C.played????????D.playing
3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?
A.DoyouknowhowB.Whydoyouknow
?C.Howyouknowwhy??D.Doyouknowwhy
4.Shelookssad.Couldyoupleasetellme_____thatpreventsherfrombeingashappyasbefore?
A.whatitis?????B.itiswhat??????C.howitis??????D.itishow
5.Bettyaskedhersister____totherailwaystationtoseeheroff.
A.nottocome????B.nottogo???????C.tonotcome????D.tonotgo
6.Thepupilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.
A.weatherthemoongoesB.thatthemoonwent
C.whetherthemoongoes???D.whetherthemoonwent
7.Mr.Li____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.
A.asked;take????B.asked;taking???C.told;take?????D.told;totake
8.Sheaskedhim____.
A.whosedictionarythisis?????B.whosedictionarythatwas
C.whosedictionaryisthis?????D.whosedictionarythatis
9.Mary’smotheraskedher_____.
A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomework
B.ifshehasfinishedherhomework
C.ifshehadfinishedherhomework????
D.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework
10.Doyouknow____?
A.whatishedoing???????B.whathedoing
C.whatheisdoing?????D.whatdoeshedonow
11.Idon’tknow____tolearnEnglish.
A.whendidhebegin??B.whenhebegan??
C.hewhenbegan??D.whenhebegins
12.Heaskedme____.
A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow?
B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextday
C.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow???
D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday
13.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.
A.howexcitedtheywere?????????B.howexcitedwerethey
C.howtheywereexcited??????????????D.theywerehowexcited
14.Shetoldmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.
A.hadbeenseenoff???B.haveseenoff??
C.havebeenseenoff?D.hadseenoff
15.Doyourememberhowmanytimes____toAustralia?
A.hadyoubeen????B.didyougo????C.haveyoubeen????D.youhavebeen
Canyouguess____?
A.whatisthatman??B.whothatmanis?
C.whomthatmanis?D.whoisthatman
17.Moreandmorestudentsandteachershavebegantoknow____.
A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageare
B.howtheforeignlanguageisimportant
C.howimportanttheforeignlanguageis????
D.howimportantistheforeignlanguage
18.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.
A.was;had??????B.was;hadhad?????C.is;have???????D.is;havehad
19.Thebossaskedhissecretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.
A.if;ornot??????B.if;not???????C.whether;ornot??D.whether;not
20.Iwonderhowmuch_____.
A.doeshespendonhiscar??????????B.didhespendonhiscar
C.hespentonhiscar???????????????D.hespentinhiscar
?
答案
一、填空
1.he,was。在直接引语变为间接引语时,代词I要变为he;主句为过去时态,宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即现在进行时amhaving变为过去进行时washaving。
2.told,had,seen。直接引语中的saidtosb在变为间接引语时应改为toldsb;现在完成时haveseen改为过去完成时hadseen。
3.she,had,gone。直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词I应变为she;一般过去时went改为过去完成时hadgone。
4.is。直接引语变为间接引语时,若直接引语为客观真理,则变为间接引语时时态不变。
5.had,before。直接引语是一般过去时met,变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时hadmet;时间状语yesterday应改为thedaybefore
6.had,there。如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must,变为间接引语时用hadto;地点状语here相应地改为there。
7.had,before。直接引语是一般过去时bought,变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时hadbought;时间状语twoweeksago应改为twoweeksbefore。
8.asked,if(whether),before。当直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时said应改为asked,然后加上连接词if或whether;时间状语lastweek改为theweekbefore。
9.told,could。根据句意第一空应用动词told;直接引语中含有情态动词can,变为间接引语时应改为?could。
10.how,she,had。如果直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时仍用how引导,疑问句语序改为陈述句语序,一般过去时改为过去将来时。
11.where,I,had,those。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时仍用where引导,疑问句语序改为陈述句语序,现在完成时改为过去完成时,指示代词these相应地变为those。
12.if(whether),I,lived。直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时应用if或whether引导,人称you和动词时态lives也相应地变为I和lived
13.told,to,keep。如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时,在变为间接引语时,可使用ask[tell,order]sbtodosth这一结构进行转换。
14.not,to,look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时,在变为间接引语时,可使用ask[tell,order]sbnottodosth这一结构进行转换。
15.asked,if(whether),that。根据所给的句子,直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,主句谓语动词应用asked;再用if或whether引导宾语从句,批示代词this相应地变为that。、选择答案
1—5DBDAB;?6—10CDBCC;11—15BBAAD;16—20BCACC
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