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背景前两天,我们一起学习了 Python 的变量、运算符与数据类型 以及程序设计中最常用的 分支语句和循环语句。 今天,我们一起来学习 Python 中最常用的一种结构:列表,以及跟它相近的另外一种结构:元组。
代码实现1. 列表 创建列表 week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] print(week) # ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
number = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] print(number) # [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
mix = [1, 'lsgo', 3.14, [1, 2, 3]] print(mix) # [1, 'lsgo', 3.14, [1, 2, 3]]
empty = [] print(empty) # []
向列表添加元素 week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] week.append('Thursday') print(week) # ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Thursday'] print(len(week)) # 6
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] week.extend(['Thursday', 'Sunday']) print(week) # ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Thursday', 'Sunday']
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] week.insert(0, 'Sunday') print(week) # ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
从列表中获取元素 week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] print(week[0]) # Monday
从列表中删除元素 week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] week.remove('Monday') print(week) # ['Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] del week[0], week[1] print(week) # ['Tuesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] day = week.pop() print(day) # Friday day = week.pop(0) print(day) # Monday day = week.pop(-2) print(day) # Wednesday
列表分片 例子1: week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'] print(week[1:3]) # ['Tuesday', 'Wednesday'] print(week[:3]) # ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday'] print(week[3:]) # ['Thursday', 'Friday'] print(week[:]) # week的拷贝 ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
例子2: list1 = [123, 456, 789, 213] list2 = list1 list3 = list1[:] print(list2) # [123, 456, 789, 213] print(list3) # [123, 456, 789, 213] list1.sort() print(list2) # [123, 213, 456, 789] print(list3) # [123, 456, 789, 213]
列表的常用操作符 比较操作符 逻辑操作符 连接操作符 + 重复操作符 * 成员关系操作符 in 、not in
list1 = [123, 456] list2 = [234, 123] print(list1 > list2) # False
list3 = [123, 456] print((list1 < list2) and (list1 == list3)) # True
list4 = list1 + list2 # extend() print(list4) # [123, 456, 234, 123]
list5 = list3 * 3 print(list5) # [123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456]
list3 *= 3 print(list3) # [123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456]
print(123 in list3) # True print(456 not in list3) # False
列表的其它方法 list1 = [123, 456] * 3 print(list1) # [123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456] num = list1.count(123) print(num) # 3
list1 = [123, 456] * 5 print(list1.index(123)) # 0 print(list1.index(123, 1)) # 2 print(list1.index(123, 3, 7)) # 4
list1 = [123, 456, 789] list1.reverse() print(list1) # [789, 456, 123]
list1 = [123, 456, 789, 213] list1.sort() print(list1) # [123, 213, 456, 789]
list1.sort(reverse=True) print(list1) # [789, 456, 213, 123]
2. 元组 创建和访问一个元组 tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) print(tuple1[1]) # 2 print(tuple1[5:]) # (6, 7, 8) print(tuple1[:5]) # (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) tuple2 = tuple1[:] print(tuple2) # (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
例子1: temp = (1) print(type(temp)) # <class 'int'> temp = 2, 3, 4, 5 print(type(temp)) # <class 'tuple'> temp = [] print(type(temp)) # <class 'list'> temp = () print(type(temp)) # <class 'tuple'> temp = (1,) print(type(temp)) # <class 'tuple'>
例子2: print(8 * (8)) # 64 print(8 * (8,)) # (8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8)
更新和删除一个元组 例子1: week = ('Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday') week = week[:2] + ('Wednesday',) + week[2:] print(week) # ('Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday')
例子2: t1 = (1, 2, 3, [4, 5, 6]) print(t1) # (1, 2, 3, [4, 5, 6])
t1[3][0] = 9 print(t1) # (1, 2, 3, [9, 5, 6])
元组相关的操作符 比较操作符 逻辑操作符 连接操作符 + 重复操作符 * 成员关系操作符 in 、not in
t1 = (2, 3, 4, 5) t2 = ('老马的程序人生', '小马的程序人生') t3 = t1 + t2 print(t3) # (2, 3, 4, 5, '老马的程序人生', '小马的程序人生')
总结到此为止,列表和元组的内容就介绍完了。今天就到这里呀!大家加油,See You!
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经过8年多的发展,LSGO软件技术团队在「地理信息系统」、「数据统计分析」、「计算机视觉」等领域积累了丰富的研发经验,也建立了人才培养的完备体系,由于自己准备在「量化交易」领域精进技能,如果大家对这个领域感兴趣可以与我联系,加入我们的量化学习群一起学习探讨。
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