英语发音规则,即将国际音标应用在英语的一般情况的归纳。可供外企、国际商务、导游等诸多职业人士用作参考。 本词条以英式公认发音(Received pronunciation)为主线,给出英文拼写和英语发音之间的对应关系。 重读音节 开闭音节读音 元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音 a ①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake ②在闭音节中 1一般读作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back 2在f,n,ph,sk,sp,st,ss,th之前时时读/ɑ:/ e ①在开音节中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese ②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg i ①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite ②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim o ①在开音节中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no ②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock u ①在开音节中 1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday 2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。 ②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch 特殊读音 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 a ①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality ②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father i 在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high o ①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold ②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother r音节 -r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 ar ①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener ②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards or ①/ɔ:/forty morning short ②/ɜ:/word worker worse er,ir,ur /ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday 注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。 re音节 -re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 are /eə/care,dare,hare ere /ɪə/here,mere ire /aɪə/fire,hire,wire ore /ɔ:/more,score,before ure /jʊə/pure,cure -re /ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre 注 ①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ʃə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。 ②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。 ③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。 元音字组 元音字组在重读音节中的读音 ai,ay /eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play air /eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair al ①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk, ②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost ③在f,m前/α:/half,calm au,aw /ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw ea ①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please ②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather ③/eɪ/break,great ear ①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year ②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear ③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early ee /i:/jeep,week,green,three eer /ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer ei,ey ①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they ②/i:/seize,key eu,ew ①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel ②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper ie,ei /s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive oa /əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal oar,oor /ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor oi,oy /ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet oo /u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo /ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football ou,ow ①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down ②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though ③/ʌ/young,country,enough ④/u:/group,soup our ①/ɔ:/ course,your,four ②/aʊə/our,hour,sour ③/ɜ:/journey oul /ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词) ui ①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition ②/u:/juice,fruit,suit 非重读音节编辑 元音字母 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 a /ə/China,another,woman,breakfast 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a处在开音节位置 /ɪ/orange,comrade,village,cabbage,manage e /ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children i ①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal ②/aɪ/exercise,satellite o ①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome ②/əʊ/also,zero,photo u ①/ə/autumn,difficult ②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January ③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。 元音字组 非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 ai,ay,ei,ey /ɪ/foreign,monkey ow /əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow 注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour -sion,-tion ①/ʃən/impression,nation ②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion ③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion -isle /aɪl/aisle, Carlisle -sten /sən/listen -stle /sl/whistle -sure /ʒə/pleasure,measure -ture /tʃə/picture,culture 复合词 元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中断)+fast/α:/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。 辅字组读音编辑 b ①/b/ bike,bus,bag ②/不发/bomb,tomb c ①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle ②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music ③/tʃ/cello、concerto ch ①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher ②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词) ③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词) -ck/cq [k]cock,pocket,black,knock,checque, cz [tʃ] Czech d /d/doctor,bread,hand,day -dg(e) /dʒ/bridge,fridge dr- /dr/children,driver,drink ds /dz/hands(主要用于可数名词复数) f /f/five,four,breakfast /v/of g ①/g/bag,garden,go ②在e,i,y之前一般读作/dʒ/,少数例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant ③e,i,y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/genre,massage gh ①/f/cough,enough ②/不发/light,daughter,high gu-,-gue ①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中) ②/gw/language,anguish h ①/h/hot,head,house,hand ②/不发/hour,honest j ①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June ②/ʒ/Jacques(用于法国人名) ③/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名) k /k/kind,bike,skate,make,week kn- /n/knife,know,knock l ①/l/life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面) ②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)] m /m/monkey,come -mn /m/autumn,column,solemn n ①/n/not,shine,ten,note ②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry -ng /ŋ/morning,young,wrong p /p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen ph /f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph q /k/Iraq qu- /kw/quality,quite r /r/red,rubber,ruler rz /ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布热) s ①在词首、清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk ②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/music,husband ③sure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。 sc- ①/sk/scarlet ②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science sch- /ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/ sh /ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash t ①/t/ten,letter,meet ②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation tch /tʃ/watch th ①/θ/thin,thirty,method ②/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-ther中 tr- /tr/tree,train,country,truck ts,tz /ts/Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数) quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用于德国人名) v /v/very,voice,love,leave w ①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait ②/不发/answer,two,sword wh- ①/w/what,when,white,why ②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole wr- /r/write x ①在重读元音后/ks/box,text,exercise ②ex+重音元音读/gz/,example,exist,exact ③/z/xylophone y /j/yes,yard,yellow,young z ①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo ②/ʒ/azure ③/ts/pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词) zh /ʒ/ zhoosh |
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