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python爬虫必备，自建ip代理池，不惧封ip。

 小米VIP 2020-08-21

为什么要使用代理IP

在爬虫的过程中，很多网站会采取反爬虫技术，其中最经常使用的就是限制一个IP的访问次数。当你本地的IP地址被该网站封禁后，可能就需要换一个代理来爬虫。无私分享全套Python爬虫干货，如果你也想学习Python，@ 私信小编获取

开发思路

1、通过本地IP抓取第一批启动代理IP

我们从代理IP网站抓取代理IP的过程本身就是爬虫，如果短时间内请求次数过多会被网站禁止访问，因此我们需要利用本地IP去抓取第一批代理IP，然后使用代理IP去抓取新的代理IP。

2、对第一批启动的代理IP验证有效性后存入数据库

我们在数据库IP.db下建了两个表：proxy_ip_table（存储所有抓取的IP，用于查看抓取IP功能是否正常）和validation_ip_table（存储所有通过验证的IP，用于查看IP有效性）

第一步中获取的代理IP经检验后存入validation_ip_table，检验的实现如下：

  1. def ip_validation(self, ip):
  2.  #判断是否高匿:非高匿的ip仍会出卖你的真实ip
  3.  anonymity_flag = False
  4.  if "高匿" in str(ip):
  5.  anonymity_flag = True
  6.  IP = str(ip[0]) + ":" + str(ip[1]);IP
  7.  url = "http:///get" ##测试代理IP功能的网站
  8.  proxies = { "https" : "https://" + IP} #为什么要用https而不用http我也不清楚
  9.  headers = FakeHeaders().random_headers_for_validation()
  10.  #判断是否可用
  11.  validation_flag = True
  12.  response = None
  13.  try:
  14.  response = requests.get(url = url, headers = headers, proxies = proxies, timeout = 5)
  15.  except:
  16.  validation_flag = False
  17.  if response is None :
  18.  validation_flag = False
  20.  if anonymity_flag and validation_flag:
  21.  return True
  22.  else:
  23.  return False

3、构建待访问的网址列表并循环抓取，每次抓取的ip_list经验证后存入数据库表

我们构建了待访问的网址列表

self.URLs = [ "https://www./nn/%d" % (index + 1) for index in range(100)]

包含的模块

1、RandomHeaders.py

构造随机请求头，用于模拟不同的网络浏览器，调用方式：

包含的模块

1、RandomHeaders.py

构造随机请求头，用于模拟不同的网络浏览器，调用方式：

  1. from RandomHeaders import FakeHeaders
  2. #返回请求xici代理网站的请求头
  3. xici_headers = FakeHeaders().random_headers_for_xici

2、DatabaseTable.py

提供数据库的创建表和增删查功能，调用方式：

  1. from DatabaseTable import IPPool
  2. tablename = "proxy_ip_table"
  3. #tablename也可以是validation_ip_table
  4. IPPool(tablename).create() #创建表
  5. IPPool(tablename).select(random_flag = False）
  6. # random_flag = True时返回一条随机记录，否则返回全部记录
  7. IPPool(table_name).delete(delete_all = True) #删除全部记录

3、GetProxyIP.py

核心代码，有几个函数可以实现不同的功能：

  • 从0开始完成建表、抓取IP和存入数据库的功能
  1. from GetProxyIP import Carwl
  2. Crawl().original_run()
  • 当代理IP个数不够的时候，根据url_list列表进行抓取，将合适的IP存入列表
from GetProxyIP import Carwl
#其他提供代理IP的网站
  1. url_kuaidaili = ["https://www./free/inha/%d" % (index + 1) for index in range(10,20)]
  2. Crawl().get_more_run(url_list)

Python爬虫必备：从0到1构建自己的免费爬虫代理IP池

 

  • 当IP池太久没用时，需要对IP有效性进行验证，不符合要求的IP需要删除
  1. from GetProxyIP import Carwl
  2. Crawl().proxy_ip_validation()

 

 

部分代码

 

1、RandomHeaders.py

提供随机请求头，模仿浏览器访问以应付反爬

  1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  2. """
  3. Created on Tue Jan 29 10:36:28 2019
  4. @author: YANG
  5. 功能：生成随机请求头，模拟不同的浏览器访问
  6. """
  7. import random
  8. from fake_useragent import UserAgent
  9. class FakeHeaders(object):
  10.  """
  11.  生成随机请求头
  12.  """
  13.  def __init__(self):
  14.  self.__UA = [
  15.  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0",
  16.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",
  17.  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;",
  18.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12",
  19.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
  20.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",
  21.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.140 Safari/537.36 Edge/17.17134",
  22.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)",
  23.  "Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)",
  24.  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",
  25.  "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; zh-cn) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.50",
  26.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.9.2.1000 Chrome/39.0.2146.0Safari/537.36",
  27.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.87 Safari/537.36",
  28.  "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
  29.  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
  30.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.106 BIDUBrowser/8.3 Safari/537.36",
  31.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999",
  32.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",
  33.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
  34.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
  35.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36",
  36.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:46.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/46.0",
  37.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2",
  38.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.154 Safari/537.36 LBBROWSER",
  39.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
  40.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0",
  41.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2486.0 Safari/537.36 Edge/13.10586",
  42.  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)",
  43.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
  44.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",
  45.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.87 Safari/537.36 OPR/37.0.2178.32",
  46.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
  47.  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
  48.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
  49.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
  50.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",
  51.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",
  52.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
  53.  "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)",
  54.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.80 Safari/537.36 Core/1.47.277.400 QQBrowser/9.4.7658.400",
  55.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
  56.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 UBrowser/5.6.12150.8 Safari/537.36",
  57.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3",
  58.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
  59.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
  60.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 12.0",
  61.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1",
  62.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.122 Safari/534.30",
  63.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36",
  64.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; Touch; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; Tablet PC 2.0)",
  65.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
  66.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",
  67.  "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0)",
  68.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0",
  69.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36 TheWorld 7",
  70.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv,2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
  71.  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE2.X MetaSr 1.0",
  72.  ]
  73.  #UserAgent用户代理，主要提供浏览器类型及版本、操作系统及版本和浏览器内核等信息
  74.  def random_headers_for_xici(self):
  75.  headers = {
  76.  "User-Agent": UserAgent().random, ##随机选择UA
  77.  "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7",
  78.  "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
  79.  "Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate, br",
  80.  "Cache-Control":"max-age=0",
  81.  "Connection":"keep-alive",
  82.  "Host":"www.",
  83.  "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests":"1"
  84.  }
  85.  return headers
  86.  def random_headers_for_validation(self):
  87.  headers = {
  88.  "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8", 
  89.  "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
  90.  "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", 
  91.  "Connection": "close", 
  92.  "Host": "", 
  93.  "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", 
  94.  "User-Agent": UserAgent().random}
  95.  return headers
  96. if __name__ == "__main__":
  97.  print("随机抽取20条headers:")
  98.  for i in range(20):
  99.  print(FakeHeaders().random_headers_for_xici())

2、DatabaseTable.py

提供数据库功能，这里提供了能存储IP的数据库IP.db。

  1. import sqlite3 ##可以在 Python 程序中使用 SQLite 数据库
  2. import time
  3. class IPPool(object):
  4.  ##存储ip的数据库，包括两张表ip_table和all_ip_table
  5.  ##insert和建表语句绑定在一起
  6.  def __init__(self,table_name):
  7.  self.__table_name = table_name
  8.  self.__database_name = "IP.db" ##IPPool对应的数据库为IP.db
  9.  ##初始化类，传入参数table_name
  1. ef create(self):
  2.  conn = sqlite3.connect(self.__database_name, isolation_level = None)
  3.  conn.execute(
  4.  "create table if not exists %s(IP CHAR(20) UNIQUE, PORT INTEGER, ADDRESS CHAR(50), TYPE CHAR(50), PROTOCOL CHAR(50))"
  5.  % self.__table_name)
  6.  print("IP.db数据库下%s表建表成功" % self.__table_name)
  7.  ##建表语句
  9.  def insert(self, ip):
  10.  conn = sqlite3.connect(self.__database_name, isolation_level = None)
  11.  #isolation_level是事务隔离级别，默认是需要自己commit才能修改数据库，置为None则自动每次修改都提交
  12.  for one in ip:
  13.  conn.execute(
  14.  "insert or ignore into %s(IP, PORT, ADDRESS, TYPE, PROTOCOL) values (?,?,?,?,?)"
  15.  % (self.__table_name),
  16.  (one[0], one[1], one[2], one[3], one[4]))
  17.  conn.commit() #提交insert 但是已经设置isolaion_level为None，所以应该不需要
  18.  conn.close()
  19.  def select(self,random_flag = False):
  20.  conn = sqlite3.connect(self.__database_name,isolation_level = None)
  21.  ##连接数据库
  22.  cur=conn.cursor()
  23.  #cursor用于接受返回的结果
  25.  if random_flag:
  26.  cur.execute(
  27.  "select * from %s order by random() limit 1"
  28.  % self.__table_name)
  29.  result = cur.fetchone()
  30.  #如果是random_flag为T则随机抽取一条记录并返回
  31.  else:
  32.  cur.execute("select * from %s" % self.__table_name)
  33.  result = cur.fetchall()
  34.  cur.close()
  35.  conn.close()
  36.  return result
  38.  def delete(self, IP = ('1',1,'1','1','1'), delete_all=False):
  39.  conn = sqlite3.connect(self.__database_name,isolation_level = None)
  40.  if not delete_all:
  41.  n = conn.execute("delete from %s where IP=?" % self.__table_name,
  42.  (IP[0],))
  43.  #逗号不能省，元组元素只有一个的时候一定要加
  44.  print("删除了",n.rowcount,"行记录")
  45.  else:
  46.  n = conn.execute("delete from %s" % self.__table_name)
  47.  print("删除了全部记录，共",n.rowcount,"行")
  48.  conn.close()

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