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最新研究结果表明，夜间进食可能有若干与乳腺癌高度相关的代谢后果。 2017年3月17日，英国《生物医学中心》旗下《乳腺癌研究》在线发表香港中文大学、香港北区医院、香港玛嘉烈医院、香港东区尤德夫人那打素医院、香港仁济医院、荷兰乌得勒支大学、美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）国家癌症研究所（NCI）的医院病例对照研究报告，调查了夜间10点之后的夜间进食习惯与香港女性乳腺癌之间的相关性，发现经常夜宵可能增加女性乳腺癌风险，尤其是那些苗条、夜宵多为粮食（尤其以淀粉为主的碳水化合物）、长期吃夜宵的女性风险更高。 该医院病例对照研究于2012～2015年入组922例乳腺癌患者（病例组）和913例非乳腺癌患者（对照组），采用标准问卷（包括白天和夜间进食行为信息）进行面谈，收集夜间进食的时间、时期、种类、频次。通过无条件多变量逻辑回归计算与夜间进食相关变量有相关性的乳腺癌风险比值比。 结果发现，如果每周至少一次夜间10点以后进食一年以上：
有趣的是，夜间进食仅与摄入粮食者的乳腺癌风险有显著相关性（比值比：2.16，95%置信区间：1.42～3.29，P＜0.001），尤其面食（包括小麦粉面、米粉、方便面、意大利面）、稻米（包括米饭、米粥）可使乳腺癌风险分别增加2.79、2.58倍（比值比：2.79、2.58，95%置信区间：1.58～4.94、1.42～4.69，P＜0.001、=0.002），但是夜间进食水果、蔬菜、焙烤食品（面包、蛋糕、饼干）、肉类与乳腺癌风险无显著相关性（P=0.68、0.61、0.56、0.14）。 此外，体重指数（BMI）＜25与BMI≥25的女性相比，夜间进食与乳腺癌有显著相关性（比值比：2.29，95%置信区间：1.48～3.52，P＜0.001）。 因此，该研究结果表明，夜间进食行为与乳腺癌之间可能存在相关性，这种生活方式引起昼夜节律改变，可能通过改变其中神经内分泌功能而导致代谢紊乱，从而增加乳腺癌风险。但是，这些发现需要通过独立的大型研究进一步证实。 Breast Cancer Res. 2017 Mar 17;19(1):31. Nighttime eating and breast cancer among Chinese women in Hong Kong. Li M, Tse LA, Chan WC, Kwok CH, Leung SL, Wu C, Yu WC, Lee PM, Tsang KH, Law SH, Vermeulen R, Gu F, Caporaso NE, Yu IT, Wang F, Yang XR. Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; North District Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA. BACKGROUND: A novel line of research suggests that eating at nighttime may have several metabolic consequences that are highly relevant to breast cancer. We investigated the association between nighttime eating habits after 10 p.m. and breast cancer in Hong Kong women. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted during 2012-2015. A total of 922 patients with incident breast cancer (cases) and 913 hospital controls were recruited and interviewed using a standard questionnaire including information on eating behavior during both daytime and nighttime. We collected the timing, duration, types and frequencies of food intake of eating at nighttime. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of breast cancer in relation to nighttime eating-related variables were calculated by unconditional multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Eating at night after 10 pm was significantly associated with breast cancer with an adjusted OR of 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.12, P=0.02), and the associations were stronger in women who had the longest duration of nighttime eating (≥20 years) (adjusted OR=2.28 (95% CI 1.13-4.61, P=0.02) and who ate late (midnight to 2 a.m.) (adjusted OR=2.73, 95% CI 1.01-6.99, P=0.04). Interestingly, nighttime eating was only associated with breast cancer among women who consumed staple foods (OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.42-3.29, P<0.001) but not those who ate vegetables or fruits as nighttime meals. The significant association between nighttime eating and breast cancer was observed among women with body mass index (BMI) <25 (OR=2.29, 95% CI 1.48-3.52, P<0.001) but not among women with BMI ≥25. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggest a possible association between nighttime eating behavior and breast cancer. These findings need to be confirmed by independent large studies. KEYWORDS: Breast cancer; Dietary factors; Nighttime eating behavior PMID: 28302140 PMCID: PMC5356318 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0821-x
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