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语法|虚拟语气之If条件句

 君君cja4gc0yb0 2020-08-28
“好巧啊,我们六年没见了吧,这是?”

“这是我儿子,今年七岁,快跟叔叔打个招呼”

“好可爱的孩子,If we hadn't broken up six years ago, we would have had our own kid(要是六年前我们没分手,我们也会有一个自己的孩子了)”

“现在说这些都没什么意义了,你现在怎么样,还在道上混吗?”

“算是吧,生活所迫”

“If I were you, I would find a job and live a normal life(如果我是你,我就会找个工作,过正常生活)”

“If I won one million dollars tomorrow, I would consider your suggestion(如果我明天中了一百万,我就会考虑下你的建议)

“你还是跟以前一样,总喜欢说些笑话,我得先走了,我老公在家等我吃饭,跟叔叔说再见”

“再见”

故事将就着看哈,我们先来分析一下上面对话里的三个英语句子。

1)“要是六年前我们不分手,我们就会有自己的孩子了”,这是对过去的事情的假设,现实情况是六年前分手了,女主还有了别人的孩子,关键是六年前分手,孩子七岁,细思恐极,男主说这句话只是一厢情愿罢了。

2)“如果我是你,我就会找个工作过正常生活”,这是对现在情况的一种假设,女主不可能变成男主的嘛!

3)“如果我明天中了一百万,我就会考虑下你的建议”,这是对将来的一种假设,明天中一百万,明显不可能,还是在道上混好,个个都是人才,说话又好听。

1.1 虚拟语气概念


通过以上分析,所谓虚拟语气,简单来讲,就是意淫,一厢情愿,天天想着一些不着边际的事。if虚拟句式,总共有三种情况,与过去事实相反,与现在事实相反以及与未来事实相反

1.2 与现在事实相反


If I had 1 million dollars, I would buy a Lamborghini
要是我有一百万,我会买辆兰博基尼。(想得美啊)

If I were you, I would marry her
要是我是你,我就会娶她。(你有我那么帅吗?)

注:在虚拟语气中,如果if从句中有be动词,则不用考虑人称和单复数问题,统统用were。

1.3 与过去事实相反


If I had studied hard in high school, I would have been admitted by Tsinghua University.
要是当初我好好学习,我就能考试清华了(早干嘛去了?)

If he had not cheated on her,they would have got married
要是当初他没有劈腿,他们俩就结婚了(事实是劈腿了,果然男人靠不住)

1.4 与将来事实相反


If it rained tomorrow,I wouldn't go hiking
要是明天下雨了,我就不去徒步了(事实是天气好着呢)

If she should come to my house tonight, I would be very happy
要是她今晚来我家,我会很开心(事实是她要去另一个男生的家。。。)

If I were to make a choice for my future,I should be a good man
要是将来我能做个选择,我想做个好人(事实上,我没得选)

注:跟现在或者过去事实相反很好判断,但对于未来的事情,谁也不知道,那到底要不要用虚拟语气呢?这个要看具体语境,举个例子。

If she comes to my party tonight,I will be very happy,这是个正常的条件状语从句,如果她来了我的party,我就会很高兴,她可能来,也可能不来,还不确定。

If she should come to my party tonight, I would be very happy, 这个用虚拟语气,潜台词是,她不可能来了,或许是死了,或许跟其他男人跑了,都有可能,反正不会来参加我party了。


1.5 If条件句虚拟倒装


其实中文里也喜欢倒装,比如,拉倒吧你,算了吧你,正常语序是你拉倒吧,你算了吧,人总是喜欢弄些新奇的东西,搞得我们学外语的头痛的要死。

虚拟语气倒装,规则总体是,去掉if,将were,should,had提前,其余部分不变,接下来我从上面三种虚拟句式中,各取一个例子进行倒装。

If I were you ,I would marry her(原句)

Were I you, I would marry her(倒装)

规则:去掉if,将were提前


If he had not cheated on her,they would have got married(原句)

Had he not cheated on her,they would have got married(倒装)

规则:去掉if,had,提前其余部分不变


If she should come to my house tonight, I would be very happy(原句)

Should she come to my house tonight, I would be very happy(倒装)

规则:去掉if,should提前,其余部分不变。


OK,讲解就到这里,做些题目巩固一下吧。

1) If we ______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time.
A. take       B. had taken       C. took

2) Tony doesn’t want to work right away because he thinks that if he ______ a job he probably wouldn’t be able to see his friends very often.
A. had got       B. were to get      C. gets

3) ______ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been
B. weren’t it
C. Had not it been

4) ______ here tomorrow, she would bring us a homemade cake.
A. Were she to come
B. Was she coming
C. If she comes

5) Had I known about this App, a huge amount of time ______.
A. would have been saved
B. had been saved
C. was saved

6) The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, ______ all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had lost
B. would have lost
C. would lost

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