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时间状从主句用现在时怎么办

 青葱忆 2020-09-07

回答:2020/05/03 12:27

掌握了下面的内容,基本问题就解决了:

  一、时间状语从句

在复合句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句,可放在句首、句中或句末。常用来引导时间状语从句的连词有:

    when当……时候   while当……时候   as当……时候,一边

    after在……之后    before在……之前  since自从

    ever since自从       till直到    until直到

    as soon as一……就      once一……就       whenever不管什么时候

    every time每次      each time每次 next time下次

    the moment一……就    by the time到……时候

    directly一……就    immediately一……就

    instantly一……就  hardly...when...一……就……

    no sooner...than 一……就……

    1. when引导的时间状语从句

    (1)when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时”,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生。

    When I was at school,I loved history.我上学时喜欢历史。

    Call me when you've finished.你完成后就打电话给我。

    When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.

    当火灾发生时,所有的学生正在酣睡。

    (2)when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的。

    He lived with a foreign family when he was in Chile.

在智利时,他与一个外国家庭住在一起。

I found a wallet when I was walking in the subway.

当我在人行道上走的时候发现了一个钱包。

I was playing net games when he came in.

    他进来的时候,我正在玩网络游戏。

    I will go back to my hometown when I have time.

    有时间我要回家乡看看。

【特别提示】

下列例句中,请注意when的用法和翻译:

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会,这时有人突然闯入。

(主从句一个动作正在进行,另一动作发生。)

They were about to go out when it began to rain.他们正要出去,天突然下起雨来。

(两个动作几乎同时发生,但主句结构看,还是从句动作稍早发生。)

She had hardly/scarcely/just returned home when the phone rang.她刚刚回到家,电话铃就响了。

(两个动作几乎同时发生,但从时态上看,还是主句的动作稍早发生。)

    2. while引导的时间状语从句

while引导时间状语从句时,意为“与……同时,在……期间”,从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词或表示状态的动词。

    The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.我在洗澡时电话响了。

    She called to see me while I was out.我不在家的时候,她来访。

【特别提示】

    while也可用作并列连词,意为“而,却”,强调两个延续性动作同时发生而又有对比意味,此时主从复合句的时态常常是相同的。如:

    Father was preparing a report while I was playing computer games.

    爸爸在准备一个报告,我在玩电脑游戏。

    While I played the piano,my elder sister did her homework.

我在弹钢琴时,姐姐在做功课。

【歌诀助记】

时间从句有特点,

不用将来用一般。

while引导从句时,

谓语只能表续延。

若用when引从句,

既可瞬间也可延。

    3. as引导的时间状语从句

as引导时间状语从句,表示“正当,一边……一边,随着”等意思。as从句中的谓语动词一般是延续性的。

    (1)表示某事一发生,另一件事接着发生。

    As the sun rose the fog disappeared.太阳一出来雾就消散了。

    My cap was blown away as I sat down.我坐下时帽子被吹走了。

    (2)表示在某事发生的过程中另一件事发生。

    As he talked on,he got more and more excited.他越谈就越激动。

    As you grow older,you'll know better and better about yourself.

    随着你长大,你会越来越了解自己。

    (3)表示两个动作同时发生。

    As he was reading,he was shaking his head,which surely slowed down his reading speed.

    他边读书边摇着头,这当然降低了他的阅读速度。

They talked as they walked along the river.他们沿着河边走边谈。

【用法辨析】

when, while和as的区别:

when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个非延续动作,可以表示:1. 从句动作和主句动作同时发生,2. 从句动作先于主句动作,3.从句动作后于主句动作。如:

When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。

(主从句同时发生)

When the film ended, the people went back.电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。

(从句早于主句)

The train had left when we got to the station.我们到达车站时,火车已经开走了。

(从句晚于主句)

while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作同时发生和对比,如:

Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时,别高声讲话。

While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.正在我对此不解时,我们校长就座了。

as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生,如:

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙跑回家去,一边走一边回头望。

如果是一个进行的延续动作,那么,while和when用法相同,可以互换;如果是非延续动作,只能用when,不用while。试比较:

I found a wallet when I was walking in the subway. (正)

I found a wallet while I was walking in the subway. (正)

When the film ended, the people went back. (正)

While the film ended, the people went back. (误)

    4. before引导的时间状语从句

before引导时间状语从句,意为“在……之前”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

(1)一般情况下,before表示“在……之前”,但在翻译时,可灵活处理,可译为“还未……就……”、“不到……就……”、“……才……”、“趁……”、“还没来得及……”等。

    I must finish this e-mail before I go home.我必须在回家前写完这封电子邮件。

    All the birds flew away before I started to fire.我还没开枪,鸟儿全飞走了。

    We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

    我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。

    Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘,把它记录下来。

    Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.

    我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。

    (2)“It will be+一段时间+before...”表示“多久之后才……”。

    It will be half a year before I come back.我半年之后才会回来。

    It was long before they met again.过了好久他们才又见面。

    It won't be long before you regret for what you've done.

    不久你就会为你的所作所为懊悔的。

    5. after引导的时间状语从句

after引导时间状语从句,意为“在……之后”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

    I played computer games after I (had) finished my housework.

    做完家务后,我玩电脑游戏。

    Please tell her I'll come after I do (have done) some shopping.

    请告诉她我买些东西就来。

    6. since引导的时间状语从句

(1)since引导时间状语从句,意为“自从……以来”,主句常用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态,而从句多用一般过去时态。在强调语意时,since前加ever。主句可以用延续性动词,也可用非延续性动词。从句谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。

    Great changes have taken place since you left this city.

    自从你离开这个城市后,这里发生了巨大的变化。

    I have returned home twice since I settled down in the USA.

    自从我定居美国以来回过两次家。

    They have been living very happily ever since they got married.

    自结婚以来他们一直过着幸福的生活。

    (2)since引导的从句中,若谓语动词是延续性动词,往往理解为某一动作或状态的终止。

    It has been a year ever since I worked here.我不在这里工作已经一年了。

    It is two years since she was a college student.她大学毕业两年了。

    (3)It is...since...和It has been...since...都正确,前者似乎更常见。

    It is/has been a few years since we last met.自上次见面以来我们已有好几年没见面了。

    It is/hasbeen a long time since Mary was ill.玛丽病好了很长时间了。

    7. until/till引导的时间状语从句

    until/till引导时间状语从句,意为“直到……时”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句用否定形式。not...until...意为“直到……才……”,这时的until可以用before替换。

    I'll wait until /till the concert is over.我会一直等到音乐会结束。

    I didn't know anything about it until you told me.

    直到你告诉我我才知道关于这件事的情况。

    Until the boss returns,nothing can be done.老板不回来什么也不能做。

【特别提示】

    not until位于句首时,主句应用部分倒装。如:

    Not untilall the fish had died did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was.

    直到所有的鱼都死了农民们才意识到污染的严重性。

    8. as soon as引导的时间状语从句

as soon as引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。

    I'll let you know as soon as I get the exact message.

    我一得到确切的消息就告诉你。

    As soon as we heard the good news, we jumped with joy.

    一听到这个好消息,我们高兴地跳了起来。

    9. once引导的时间状语从句

once引导的时间状语从句暗含条件意味,意为“一旦……就……”。

    Once you make a promise, you must keep it.你一旦许下诺言,就必须遵守它。

    Once you talk to him, you'll know he is a learned man.

    你只要和他交谈,就会了解他是个博学的人。

    Once you start,you will never give up.你一旦开始了,就不要放弃。

    10. 名词短语引导的时间状语从句

    有些名词短语,如the moment,the minute,the instant,the time,the hour,the day,the first time,the second time,each time,every time,next time,any time,by the time等也可引导时间状语从句。

    The moment he saw her,he fell in love with her.他一见到她就爱上了她。

    I remembered my grandparents, every time I saw the old photo.

    每当看到这张老照片,我就想起我的爷爷和奶奶。

    The day he returned home, his father had passed away.

    他到家那天,他父亲已经过世了。

    I thought he was a doctor the first time I met him.

    我第一次遇见他时还认为他是个医生。

    By the time he was 12,he had traveled to more than 30 countries to get his disease cured.

    到12岁时,他已去过30多个国家治疗疾病。

    By the time I graduate next year,I will have lived here for 5 years.

    到明年毕业时,我将在这里待了5年了。

    11. 表示“一……就……”的引导词引导的时间状语从句

    (1)as soon as

    The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in.

    老师一进来,学生就安静了下来。

    (2)immediately,directly,instantly用作连词引导时间状语从句

    I'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading your file.

    我一看完你的档案就给你答复。

    Directly you feel any pains,you must go to see the doctor.

    你一感觉疼痛就得去看医生。

    Please give me a phone call instantly you arrive.你一到就请给我打电话。

    (3)no sooner...than...(从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时)

     I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.

    我刚要讲话他就挂断了电话。

    (4)hardly/scarcely...when...(从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时)

     I had hardly/scarcely told him my name when he stopped listening.

    我还没来得及告诉他我的名字他就不听了。

【特别提示】

    表达时间状语,除可以使用上述从句外,还可用其他方式。

    ①分词短语表时间状语

    Having checked all the answers,I turned my papers in.

    核对完了所有的答案后,我交上了试卷。

    ②at短语表时间状语

    常见的有at the thought of(一想到……就……),at the touch of(一摸到……就……),at the sight of (一看到……就……)等。

    At the sight of the get-together photo,she got lost in the old sweet memories.

    一看到这张聚会照,她就陷入了对过去美好的回忆中。

    ③on doing/on sth.

    On her arrival at the countryside/On arriving at the countryside,she felt a gust of cool air around herself.一来到乡村,她就感觉到一股凉风围住了她。

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