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虚拟语气是高中英语学习的难点，但是其变化有明显的规律，掌握之后，非常便于记忆。 一.概念 语气有三种: 陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。语气表示说话人对劝词所示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。 二.相关知识点精讲 1、辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别 If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us. If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time. 2、虚拟条件句: 1)主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表  2)混合时间的虚拟语气 如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。 1)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now. 2)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now. 3)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life. 3）隐含条件虚拟语气 without；but for；except for；“if it were not for + 宾语”或“were it not for + 宾语”； But that + 从句；主句谓语用虚拟语气，时态变化同上表。 4)倒装省略句 如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，could有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could之后。 Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. Were I you, I would do more practice after class. Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so. 3、should/ could / might/ ought to + have done : 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做” needn’t have done ：表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了” 对比：must have done 一定已经…… He could have done well in the past exam, didn’t he? He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he? 4、wish型虚拟语气：wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了；悔不该…；但愿…。”  典例：1)I wish I knew the key to the answer. 2)I wish I were ten years younger. 3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week. 4)He wishes that we would visit the old school. 5、should型虚拟语气：在含有表 “建议、命令、要求、请求、决定、义务”等语气的句中借助should(可省略)使用虚拟语气。 1) 动词后的宾语从句 2) 名词后的表语从句 3) 名词后的同位语从句 4) it +be +v-ed that 后的从句 5) It +be +形容词+ that后的从句 常见用虚拟语气的词语： 1）动词： 一坚持: insist; 二命令:order, command; 三建议: advise, suggest, propose; 四要求: demand, desire, require, request；insist（坚持）, recommend（推荐） 2)分词： It is proposed that …(人们建议……) It is desired that … (最好、需要……) , 3) 形容词、名词：it be +adj. / n+that +从句 important（重要的）；advisable（明智的）；desirable（希望能够的）； natural（自然的）；compulsory（义务得）；necessary必要的）； regretful（遗憾的）；strange（奇怪的）；proper（适当的）； urgent（紧急的）；duty（义务、责任）；a pity（遗憾）； a regret（遗憾） 4) suggest: (1)“建议” 主语+ suggested（that）主语 +（should）+ do (2)“表明；暗示” 主语+ suggested（that）主语 + did (或had done) ①The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day. ②The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold. 5) insist：(1) “坚持要去做…” 主语+ insisted（that）主语 +（should）+ do (2) “坚持坚持说/解释”，主语+ insisted（that）主语 + did (或had done) The boss insisted that the man had stolen the money and insisted that he (should) leave the company at once. 老板坚持说那个人偷了钱并坚持要求他立刻离开公司。 典例：(1) My advice is that more trees should be planted in our school. (2) They won’t accept the suggestion that we should cut all the trees. (3) It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away. (4) It is essential（绝对必要的）that he ( should ) do his homework first. 6、would rather型虚拟语气： 1）would rather + (that) +主语+ did； 2) would rather + (sb.) (that) + 主语 + had done I would rather you had bought the coat yesterday 7、as if / as though 型虚拟语气 表现在—从句did；表过去—过去完成式 had done；表将来—should /would /might+动原 对比：as if 引导从句情况与现实接近是不用虚拟 It seems / looks as if it is going to rain. 8、If only型虚拟语气: “要是…就好了” 表现在—从句did；表过去—过去完成式 had done；表将来—should /would /might+动原 If only you hadn’t heard their complains yesterday. 9、It is (about / high) time ( that )+主语 + did It is high time (that) you went to school. 今天的分享到此结束。 我们下周一再见！ |
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