2.50.8 andYouthProjectofChinaAcademyofInformationand Optimalfully-digitalOptimalfully-digital 0.7SOMP[10],Q=∞ SOMP[10],Q=∞ DFTcodebook[8],Q=∞DFTcodebook[8],Q=∞ 2CommunicationsTechnology. PCA-based,FCA,Q=∞ PCA-based,FCA,Q=∞0.6 PCA-based,FS(vertical),Q=∞PCA-based,FS(vertical),Q=∞ PCA-based,FS(horizontal),Q=∞PCA-based,FS(horizontal),Q=∞ 0.5 1.5 PCA-based,FS(squared),Q=∞PCA-based,FS(squared),Q=∞ REFERENCES PCA-based,FS(interlaced),Q=∞PCA-based,FS(interlaced),Q=∞ 0.4 PCA-based,DS,Q=∞PCA-based,DS,Q=∞ 1 [1]Z.Xiao,P.Xia,andX.G.Xia,“Codebookdesignformillimeter-wave 0.3 channelestimationwithhybridprecodingstructure,”IEEETrans.Wireless 0.2 0.5 Commun.,vol.16,no.1,pp.141-153,Jan.2017. 0.1 [2]Y.SunandC.Qi,“Weightedsum-ratemaximizationforanalogbeam- 00 formingandcombininginmillimeterwavemassiveMIMOcommunica- -40-30-20-10010-40-30-20-10010 SNR(dB)SNR(dB) tions,”IEEEWirelessCommun.Lett.,vol.21,no.8,pp.1883-1886,Oct. (a)(b) 2017 Fig.3.EEperformancecomparisonofdifferenthybridprecodingschemeson [3]Z.Gaoetal.,“MmWavemassive-MIMO-basedwirelessbackhaulforthe differentantennaarchitectures:(a)Passiveantenna;(b)Activeantennawith. 5Gultra-densenetwork,”IEEEWirelessCommun.,vol.22,no.5,pp. 13-21,Oct.2015. [4]Z.Gaoetal.,“Compressivesensingtechniquesfornext-generation wirelesscommunications,IEEEWirelessCommun.,vol.25,no.3,pp. byusingtheproposedPCA-basedhybridprecodingscheme 144-153,Jun.2018. outperformsthatofFCAbyusingtheSOMP-basedandDFT [5]A.Liaoetal.,“2DunitaryESPRITbasedsuper-resolutionchannel codebook-basedhybridprecodingschemes.Thereasonisthatestimationformillimeter-wavemassiveMIMOwithhybridprecoding,” IEEEAccess,vol.5,pp.24747-24757,2017. PCSadoptsamuchsmallernumberofphaseshiftersthan [6]S.Heetal.,“Codebook-basedhybridprecodingformillimeterwave FCA.Moreover,DSoutperformstheotherFSpatternsinSE, multiusersystems,”IEEETrans.SignalProcess.,vol.65,no.20,pp. 5289-5304,Oct.2017. anditconsumesthesamepowerwiththeotherFSpatterns. [7]A.LiuandV.K.N.Lau,“ImpactofCSIknowledgeonthecodebook- Therefore,DSoutperformsotherfourtypesofFSpatterns.Itis basedhybridbeamforminginmassiveMIMO,”IEEETrans.Signal worthmentioningthattheoptimalfully-digitalschemehasthe Process.,vol.64,no.24,pp.6545-6556,Dec.2016. [8]S.He,C.Qi,Y.Wu,andY.Huang,“Energy-ef?cienttransceiverdesign worstEEperformance,sincethenumbersofpower-consuming forhybridsub-arrayarchitectureMIMOsystems,”IEEEAccess,vol.4, PAs,DACs,andmixersareproportionaltothatofantennas.In pp.9895-9905,2016. Fig.3(b),foractiveantennaarchitecture,theadvantageofEE [9]J.Maoetal.,“Over-samplingcodebook-basedhybridminimumsum- mean-square-errorprecodingformillimeter-wave3D-MIMO,”IEEE performancefordifferentFSpatternsbyusingtheproposed WirelessCommun.Lett.,vol.PP,no.PP,pp.1-1,May2018. hybridprecodingschemeovertheFCAwithseveraltypical [10]Y.Huang,J.Zhang,andM.Xiao,“Constantenvelopehybridprecoding hybridprecodingschemesandoptimalfully-digitalprecoding fordirectionalmillimeter-wavecommunications,”IEEEJ.Sel.Areas Commun.,vol.PP,no.PP,pp.1-1,Apr.2018. schemeisnotconsiderable.Thisisbecauseactiveantenna [11]O.E.Ayachetal.,“Spatiallysparseprecodinginmillimeterwave architecturerequiresthepower-hungryPAsforeachantenna. MIMOsystems,”IEEETrans.WirelessCommun.,vol.13,no.3,pp. Meanwhile,theadvantageofthereducedpowerconsumption 1499-1513,Mar.2014. [12]A.AlkhateebandR.W.HeathJr.,“Frequencyselectivehybridprecoding ofFSstructureisgreatlyweakenedbyitsdisadvantagein forlimitedfeedbackmillimeterwavesystems,”IEEETrans.Commun., SEperformancewhencomparedtoFCA.Finally,theEEper- vol.64,no.5,pp.1801-1818,May2016. formanceofDSwiththeproposedhybridprecodingscheme [13]S.Park,A.Alkhateeb,andR.W.HeathJr.,“Dynamicsubarraysfor hybridprecodinginwidebandmmWaveMIMOsystem,”IEEETrans. stillhastheobviousadvantageoverthebaselinesandfour WirelessCommun.,vol.16,no.5,pp2907-2920,May2017. typicaltypesofFSwiththeproposedscheme.Thisreveals [14]K.Venugopal,N.G.Prelcic,andR.W.HeathJr.,“Optimalityof theappealingadvantageofDSinpracticalsituationwhenboth frequency?atprecodinginfrequencyselectivemillimeterwavechannels,” IEEEWirelessCommun.Lett.,vol.6,no.3,pp.330-333,Jun.2017. thepowerconsumptionandSEshouldbewellbalanced. [15]S.Zhou,Z.Xu,andF.Liu,“Methodfordeterminingtheoptimalnumber ofclustersbasedonagglomerativehierarchicalclustering,”IEEETrans. VII.CONCLUSIONS NeuralNetw.Learn.Syst.,vol.28,no.12,pp.3007-3017,Dec.2017. Thispaperhasproposedahybridprecodingschemebased [16]C.M.Bishop,PatternRecognitionandMachineLearning.NewYork, NY,USA:Springer,2006. onmachinelearningforbroadbandmmWaveMIMOsystems [17]D.J.Loveetal.,“Anoverviewoflimitedfeedbackinwireless withDS.We?rstacquirethelow-dimensionalfrequency?at communicationsystems,”IEEEJ.Sel.AreasCommun.,vol.26,no.8, precoderfromtheoptimalfrequency-selectiveprecodersbased pp.1341-1365,Oct.2008. [18]R.Graham,D.Knuth,andO.Patashnik,ConcreteMathematics.Read- onPCAforFS.Then,weextendtheproposedPCA-based ing,MA,USA:Addison-Wesley,1988. hybridprecoderdesigntotheDS.Weproposetheshared-AHC [19]H.Lutk¨epohl,HandbookMatrics.Hoboken,NJ,USA:Wiley,1996. algorithminspiredbyclusteranalysisinmachinelearning [20]W.Hongetal.,“Multibeamantennatechnologiesfor5Gwireless communications,”IEEETrans.AntennasPropag.,vol.65,no.12,pp. forantennagroupingtofurtherimprovetheSEperformance. 6231-6249,Dec.2017. Additionally,weanalyzetheEEperformanceforFCA,FS, [21]R.Mendez-′Railetal.,“HybridMIMOarchitecturesformillimeterwave andDSwithpassiveandactiveantennas.Simulationsfurther communications:phaseshiftersorswitches?”,IEEEAccess,vol.4,pp. 247-267,Jan.2016. verifytheproposedPCA-basedhybridprecodingschemehas [22]M.Kraemer,D.Dragomirescu,andR.Plana,“Designofaverylow- thebetterSEandEEperformancethanconventionalschemes. power,low-cost60GHzreceiverfront-endimplementedin65nmCMOS technology,”Int.J.Microw.WirelessTechnol.,vol.3,pp.131-138,Apr. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 2011. [23]Y.Yuetal.,“A60GHzphaseshifterintegratedwithLNAandPAin ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScience 65nmCMOSforphasedarraysystems,”IEEEJ.Solid-StateCircuits, FoundationofChina(GrantNos.61471037,61701027,and vol.45,no.9,pp.1697-1709,Sep.2010. 61201181),theBeijingNaturalScienceFoundation(Grant No.4182055),HuaweiInnovationResearchProgram(HIRP), EnergyEfficiency(Gbits/J) EnergyEfficiency(Gbits/J) |
|