 Hugh Hefner - The Origin Of Playboy Hugh Hefner –花花公子的起源 Background and Early Life 背景及早期生活 Hugh Marston Hefner, born on April 9, 1926, in Chicago, Illinois, was the eldest of two sons born to Grace and Glenn Hefner, who were strict Methodists. Hefner went to Sayre Elementary School and then to Steinmetz High School, where, reportedly, his IQ was 152 though his academic performance was generally modest. While in high school, Hefner became president of the student council and founded a school newspaper—an early sign of his journalistic talents. He also created a comic book entitled School Daze, in which the generally reticent youngster was able to be at the center of his own imagined universe. 休·马斯顿海夫纳于1926年4月9日出生在伊利诺伊州的芝加哥，是格蕾丝与格兰·海夫纳夫妇的两个儿子中的老大，而这对夫妇则是严格的卫理公会教徒。海夫纳小学就读于Sayre小学，中学上的是Steinnetz高中，据那里的文件记录，他的智商高达152，但他的学习成绩总体平平。在高中时期，海夫纳成为了学生会的主席并且创立了一家校刊—这是他显示出的新闻工作的才能的早期迹象。他还制作了一本漫画书，名为School Daze,这使他这位沉默寡言的年轻人能够畅游在他自己想象空间的中心。 Hefner served two years in the U.S. Army as a noncombatant toward the end of World War II, and was discharged in 1946. He studied at the Chicago Art Institute for a summer before enrolling at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he majored in psychology. Hefner earned his bachelor's degree in 1949, the same year he married his first wife, Mildred Williams. He later did a semester of graduate school work in the area of sociology, focusing on the sex research institute established by Alfred Kinsey. 海夫纳在二战末期参军，担任了两年的非战斗人员，并于1946年退伍。他在芝加哥艺术学院学习了一个夏天，然后进入伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校学习，在那里，他的专业是心理学。1949年他获得了学士学位，同年，他与第一任妻子Mildred Williams结婚。后来他做了一学期的社会学领域的研究生院工作，重点是AlfredKinsey创立的性学研究所。 By the early 1950s, Hefner had landed a copy-writing job at the Chicago office of Esquire magazine, which featured literary works by such writers as Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald as well as illustrations from pinup artists like George Petty and Alberto Vargas. Hefner opted not to remain with the publication, which moved to New York, when he was denied a $5 raise. 上世纪五十年代初，海夫纳在君子杂志芝加哥的办公室谋到一份文案工作，服务对象包括海明威和菲茨杰拉德，以及以美女插图著称的艺术家乔治·佩蒂和亚伯托·瓦格斯。后来，这家杂志搬到纽约，海夫纳拒绝了5美元的加薪，决定离开那家公司。 Starting 'Playboy' 开启了“花花公子” Out on his own, Hefner was determined to start his own publication. He raised $8,000 from 45 investors—including $2,000 from his mother and brother Keith combined—to launch Playboy magazine. Hefner had planned to title the magazine "Stag Party" but was forced to change the name to avoid a trademark infringement with the existing Stag magazine. A colleague suggested the name "Playboy," after a defunct automobile company. Hefner liked the name, as he thought it reflected high living and sophistication. 自己出来后，海夫纳决定做自己的杂志。他找了45名投资人，募集了8000美元，—其中包括他妈妈和弟弟凑的2000美元，—发行了花花公子杂志。海夫纳在一开始想给杂志命名“男人的聚会”，但为回避与已经存在的“男人”杂志产生商标纠纷，被迫改名。一名同事建议他使用一家刚倒闭的汽车公司的牌子“花花公子”。海夫纳喜欢这个名字，认为它能反映上层社会生活和城府。 Hefner produced the first edition of Playboy out of his South Side home. It hit newsstands in December 1953, but did not carry a date because Hefner was unsure as to whether or not a second issue would be produced. To help ensure its success, Hefner had purchased a color photograph of actress Marilyn Monroe in the nude—which had been taken some years earlier—and placed it in the centerfold of the magazine. The first issue quickly sold more than 50,000 copies, and became an instant sensation. 海夫纳在他位于南区的家中制作了第一期的花花公子。1953年12月它们出现在了报刊亭，但杂志没有日期，因为海夫纳不确定是否还会有第二期。为了确保成功，海夫纳还购买了一幅玛丽莲·梦露的裸体照片—这还是几年前照的—并把他做成了中心插页。这第一期很快销售超过了5万本，并立刻轰动一时。 America in the 1950s was attempting to distance itself from nearly 30 years of war and economic depression. For many, the magazine proved to be a welcome antidote to the sexual repression of the era. For those who initially dismissed the magazine as a pornographic publication, Playboy soon broadened its circulation with thoughtful articles and an urbane presentation. 美国在上世纪50年代试图远离近30年的战争和经济萧条。对许多人来说，这本杂志是那个时期一副大受欢迎的性压抑的解药。一开始一些人认为这就是一本淫秽色情杂志，但花花公子很快就因其有思想的文章、和温文尔雅的形象扩大了它的发行量。 Developing a Voice 逐渐成为一种声音 The Playboy logo, depicting the stylized profile of a rabbit wearing a tuxedo bow tie, appeared in the second issue and remained the trademark icon of the brand. Hefner chose the rabbit for its "humorous sexual connotation" and because the image was "frisky and playful"—an image he fostered in the magazine's articles and cartoons. Hefner wanted to distinguish his magazine from most other men's periodicals, which catered to outdoorsmen and showcased he-man fiction. Hefner decided his magazine would instead cater to the cosmopolitan, intellectual male and feature more overt sexual imagery. 花花公子的标志，是画了一个打着礼服领结的兔子的艺术性的侧面形象。它在第二期就出现在了杂志上，并一直作为商标保持下去。海夫纳选择兔子是因为它的“幽默的性的内涵”，还因为这一形象“活泼而俏皮”-利用它能培养杂志的文章和漫画。海夫纳希望把自己的杂志和其他大部分男性期刊区分开，那些是迎合户外活动并展示男人味的。海夫纳认为他的杂志应该迎合都市的、知识性的男人，并具有明显的性意象。 In a series of 25 editorial installments presented during the 1960s, Hefner promoted what became known as the "Playboy Philosophy." An evolving manifesto on politics and governance, the philosophy espoused Hefner's fundamental beliefs about free enterprise and the nature of man and woman, calling for what he viewed as reasoned discourse on the truths of human sexuality. However, Hefner never lost sight of the fact that it was pictures of nude women which ultimately sold the magazine. 在60年代出版的一系列的25个主编社论中，海夫纳推广了众所周知的“花花公子哲学”。一个不断进化的政治和管理的宣言，这一理论支持海夫纳的自由企业和男女天性的基本信念，并展现了他所认为的人类性欲真理的理性论述。但是，海夫纳从没有忘记是因为裸体女性的照片使杂志大卖的事实。 Work on the publication consumed much of Hefner's life and marriage. By the late '50s, Playboy's circulation had surpassed that of rival magazine Esquire, with sales reaching a million copies a month. But personal issues loomed. Hefner and his first wife divorced in 1959 after having had two children, Christie and David. As a single man, Hefner had many girlfriends and became known for his romantic, unpretentious presence. Yet he also earned a reputation for being controlling and trying to enforce double standards. 出版工作充满了海夫纳的生活和婚姻。上世纪50年代末，花花公子的发行量超过了竞争对手君子杂志，达每个月一百万册。而这时，也出现了个人问题，海夫纳和他的第一任妻子于1959年离婚了，这段婚姻有两个孩子，Christie和David。作为一名单身男子，海夫纳有众多女朋友，并因浪漫和谦逊而出名。同时也因控制狂和推行双重标准而闻名。 （未完，待续…） |
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