 Hugh Hefner - The Origin Of Playboy Hugh Hefner–花花公子的起源之二 The Golden Age 黄金时代 In the 1960s, Hugh Hefner became the persona of Playboy: the urbane sophisticate in the silk smoking jacket with pipe in hand. He adopted a wide range of pursuits and socialized with the famous and wealthy, always in the company of young, beautiful women. As the magazine's increased success came to the attention of the mainstream public, Hefner was happy to portray himself as the charismatic icon and spokesperson for the sexual revolution of the '60s. 上世纪60年代，休海夫纳已成为花花公子的形象代言人：一个身着居家便服，手持烟斗的温文尔雅的城市男子。他拥有非常广泛的嗜好，与名人和富人交往，身边总是会有年轻、漂亮的女子陪伴。当杂志不断的成功吸引住主流社会大众的目光时，海夫纳很高兴把自己描绘成六十年代性革命的魅力偶像和代言人。 This was also Playboy's golden age as ever-increasing circulation allowed Hefner to build a vast enterprise of "private key" clubs that, among other traits, were racially inclusive in a time where segregation was still legally enforced. (A documentary on Hefner that focused on his civil rights activism later received a NAACP Image Award nod.) Hostesses, known as Playboy Bunnies for their scanty outfits made up of rabbit ears and puffy tails, staffed these high-end establishments. The Bunnies often did quite well financially via tips and were directed to keep a certain professional distance from ordinary patrons. The women also had strict conditions placed on them in regards to appearance, including size. 这也是花花公子的黄金时代，因为不断增加的发行量使海夫纳得以建立了一个名为 “私钥”俱乐部的庞大企业，在当时的美国，还处于种族隔离仍然受到法律保护时代，而他的“私钥”俱乐则是各色人种都包容的。（有一部关于海夫纳关注民权运动的纪录片，后来获得了全国有色人种协进会形象奖）。在这些高端的“私钥”俱乐部里，女迎宾服务人员被称作兔女郎，她们穿着性感露骨的衣服，戴着兔子耳朵和蓬松的尾巴。这些兔女郎通过小费收入都不错，且要与一般的顾客保持严格的职业距离。这些女性在形象条件方面有着严格的要求，包括外表形象，以及身材尺寸。 Over the years, Hefner's Playboy Enterprises also built hotel resorts, started modeling agencies and operated a number of media endeavors. Hefner hosted two short-run television series, Playboy's Penthouse (1959–60), which featured the likes of Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone and Tony Bennett, and Playboy After Dark (1969–70), with guests like Milton Berle and James Brown. Both programs were weekly talk shows set in a bachelor pad full of Playboy Playmates, who chatted with Hefner and his special guests about various subjects. 多年来，海夫纳的花花公子企业还建立了度假酒店，开办了模特公司，并运作了大量的媒体推广活动。海夫纳还主持了两部电视系列短剧，《花花公子的阁楼》（1959-60），嘉宾包括Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone和Tony Bennett,《花花公子天黑以后》(1969-70),嘉宾有Milton Berle和James Brown。这两个节目都是一周一次的谈话节目，场景就设立在美女如云的单身汉的公寓里，海夫纳及他的嘉宾们畅谈各种各样的话题。 The publication itself began to garner a reputation for serious journalism, as author Alex Haley launched the "Playboy Interview" in 1962 with jazz great Miles Davis. But Hefner's success didn't come without controversy. In 1963, he was arrested and stood trial for selling obscene literature after an issue of Playboy featured nude photos of Hollywood actress Jayne Mansfield. The jury couldn't reach a verdict, and the charge was eventually dropped. The publicity didn't affect the reputation of Hefner or Playboy Enterprises. In 1964, Hefner founded the Playboy Foundation to support endeavors related to fighting censorship and researching human sexuality. 这本杂志开始获得严肃新闻的名声，还是始于1962年，作家Alex Haley与爵士乐巨人Miles Davis一起开始的《花花公子访谈》。但海夫纳的成功并非没有争议。1963年他被逮捕并上了法庭。在《花花公子》的一期杂志中，出现了好莱坞女演员Jayne Mansfield的裸体照片，他由此被控销售淫秽书籍。陪审团无法达成一致，之后指控被撤回。由此而引起的宣传报道没有影响海夫纳和花花公子企业的声誉。1964年，海夫纳建立了花花公子基金会，用以反对审查制度的各种努力，以及对人类性行为的研究。 Challenges and Downsizing By 1971, Hefner had built Playboy Enterprises into a major corporation. The company went public, and the magazine's circulation hit seven million copies a month, earning a $12 million profit in 1972. Hefner also began dividing his time between two large mansions, one in Chicago and the other in the Holmby Hills area of Los Angeles. When he wasn't home, he was globetrotting in the Big Bunny, a converted black DC-30 jet complete with a living room, a disco, movie and video equipment, a wet bar and sleeping quarters. The jet also featured a circular bed for Hefner himself. 到1971年，海夫纳已把花花公子企业建成了一家大型公司。公司上市了，杂志发行量达到了每月7百万本，1972年利润达1200万美元。海夫纳也开始往返于他在芝加哥和洛杉矶的荷尔比山的两个豪宅之间。当他不在家时，他会乘着“大兔子”周游世界。“大兔子”是架特意为他改装过的DC-30专机，里面有客厅，迪斯科，电影和录像放映设备，一个酒吧和休息区。专机上还为海夫纳设置了一张大圆床。 In the mid-1970s, however, Playboy Enterprises fell on hard times. The United States hit a recession, and Playboy faced increasing competition from more explicit men's magazines such as Penthouse, helmed by rival Bob Guccione. At first, Hefner responded by presenting more revealing photos of women in less wholesome poses and circumstances. Some advertisers rebelled, and circulation fell even further. From then on, Hefner concentrated the company's operations on magazine publishing. Playboy Enterprises eventually divested itself from its unprofitable clubs and hotels and downsized its ancillary media endeavors. The magazine kept its new photography standards and began presenting features like "Girls of the Big Ten." 然而，在上世纪70年代中期，花花公子企业陷入困境。美国遭遇经济衰退，《花花公子》也面临日益激烈的竞争，比如更加毫无遮掩的杂志《阁楼》，一家由竞争对手Bob Guccione掌管的杂志。一开始，海夫纳使出的招数是让他的女模特在相片里裸露得更多，拍照的姿势和环境更加有伤大雅。这引起了一些广告客户反对，而且杂志的发行量也继续下跌。从那时起，海夫纳把公司运作集中在了杂志出版上。花花公子最终放弃了无利可图的俱乐部和酒店，并缩减了附加媒体的尝试。杂志保持了新的摄影标准，并开始了新的栏目，比如“高校联盟十大美女。” Over the years a range of female celebrities have appeared in Playboy, including Madonna, Kate Moss, Jenny McCarthy, Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, Drew Barrymore, Nancy Sinatra and, appearing on the most covers, Pamela Anderson. Playboy has also continued to receive criticism from a variety of figures who take issue with its objectification of women and barely veiled emphasis on commercialism. Feminist icon Gloria Steinem famously went undercover as a bunny waitress in 1963 to showcase what female workers endured for a two-part Show magazine article. (Steinem's exposé was later made into a 1985 TV movie starring Kirstie Alley.) 多年来，有大批的女名人在《花花公子》上亮相，这包括Madonna, Kate Moss,Jenny McCarthy,Naomi Campbell,Cindy Crawford,DrewBarrymore,Nancy Sinatra（麦当娜，凯特 摩斯，杰妮 麦卡锡，内欧米 坎贝尔，辛迪 克劳馥，德鲁 巴里摩尔，南茜 辛纳特拉），以及杂志封面最常出现的Pamela Anderson（帕梅拉 安德森）。由于对女性的人格物化和对商业利益的不加遮掩的强调，《花花公子》也持续受到来自各个方面的批评。女权主义代表人物Gloria Steinem在1963年，将其著名的假扮兔女郎的卧底经历写成文章，分为两部分发表在“Show”杂志上，曝光了女员工的艰辛。(Steinem的揭发在1985年，被搬上了屏幕，被翻拍成由Kirstie Alley主演的电视电影。) In 1975, Hefner decided to make Los Angeles his permanent home so he could more closely supervise his interests in television and film production. He became involved in the restoration of the famed Hollywood sign and was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. And in 1978 he started the Playboy Jazz Festival, an annual event featuring some of the best jazz musicians in the world. 1975年，海夫纳决定把洛杉矶作为他永久的家，这样他可以更紧密的监督他在电视和电影制作方面的项目。之后，他参与了著名的好莱坞名牌的修复工作，并在好莱坞星光大道上被授予了星型奖章。除此之外，他在1978年开始举办花花公子爵士音乐节。这是个一年一次的、由世界上最棒的爵士音乐家出场表演的音乐节。 （未完，待续...） |
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