German shock at car exhaust tests on humans and monkeys 人和猴子被用在汽车尾气的实验,德国哗然。 German carmakers have already been hit by a damaging scandal over cheating in emissions tests 德国汽车制造商已经因在尾气测试中作弊而受到这个破坏性丑闻的打击。 The German government has denounced experiments funded by German carmakers in which humans and monkeys reportedly inhaled diesel exhaust fumes. 德国政府谴责德国汽车制造商资助的实验,据报道,在这些实验中人类和猴子吸入了柴油废气。 exhaust: 排出; (排出的) 废气; German media say the health impact research was done by EUGT, a body funded by Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW. 德国媒体说,这个健康影响的研究是由大众、戴姆勒(奔驰)和宝马公司出资的欧洲环境与健康研究小组(简称EUGT)进行的。 Such tests could not be justified, the government said, demanding details. A minister called them "abominable". 政府说,这种测试是不正当的,政府正在要求提供细节。一位部长称这些实验是“令人生厌的”。 abominable:可恶的; 讨厌的; 糟糕的; 令人极为不快的; Daimler also condemned them. VW is embroiled in a scandal over software that gave false diesel exhaust data. 戴姆勒也谴责这些实验。大众公司卷入了一项关于软件的丑闻,这个软件提供假的柴油尾气数据。 embroiled:卷入的; 纠缠不清的; In 2015 VW admitted having fitted "cheat" devices in the US that made their engines appear less polluting than they actually were. 在 2015年,大众承认在美国安装了 "作弊" 装置,使他们的发动机看起来比实际的污染更少。 EUGT was dissolved by the carmakers last year. The initials stand for European Research Group on Environment and Health in the Transport Sector. 去年,EUGT 被这些汽车制造商解散。EUGT是欧洲运输业的环境及健康研究组的缩写。 "These tests on monkeys or even humans cannot be justified ethically in any way," said Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman, Steffen Seibert. 德国总理默克尔的发言人斯蒂芬塞伯特说: “这些对猴子甚至人类的测试在伦理上无论怎样也是无法自圆其说的。” Chancellor:(德国或奥地利的) 总理; Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks called the experiments "abominable" and expressed shock that scientists had agreed to conduct them. 环境部长芭芭拉亨德里克斯称实验 “可恶”。 她对科学家们竟然同意进行这些实验表示震惊。 Social Democrat politician Stephan Weil - a VW supervisory board member - called them "absurd and abhorrent". "Lobbying can be no excuse whatsoever for such testing," he said. 社会民主党的政客-Stephan Weil- 一个大众董事会的一个成员,他称为这些实验 “荒谬和无法接受”。他说:“再怎么游说,也不是做这些实验的借口。” abhorrent:令人厌恶的; absurd:荒谬的; 荒唐的; 无理性的 What do we know about the tests? 关于测试我们知道些什么? On Thursday the New York Times reported that the EUGT research was designed to counter a 2012 decision by the World Health Organization to classify diesel exhaust as a carcinogen. 星期四,《纽约时报》报道,EUGT 的研究旨在反驳世界卫生组织 (WHO) 2012 的一项决定,将柴油排放分类为致癌物。 carcinogen:致癌物; It said that in 2014, EUGT had exposed 10 monkeys to fumes - in an air-tight chamber - from several cars, including a diesel VW Beetle. The testing took place at a lab in Albuquerque, New Mexico. 报道说, 在 2014年, EUGT 把10只猴子关在一个不透气的房间里,让它们呼吸包括一辆大众甲壳虫柴油车在内的几辆车的尾气。这个实验发生在(美)新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基的一个实验室里。 fumes:(烟、煤气、新的油漆等发出的) 难闻的气味; air-tight:不漏气,气密的,密封的; Then at the weekend Germany's Stuttgarter Zeitung and SWR radio reported that 19 men and six women had inhaled diesel fumes in another EUGT experiment. 这个周末,德国斯图加特报和 SWR 电台报道说,在另一项 EUGT 试验中,有19位男性和6位女性吸入了柴油烟雾。 During a month of tests at a lab in Aachen, west Germany, they were exposed to various concentrations of diesel fumes, which contain toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx). The BBC has not seen the study itself, but German media say it was published in 2016. 在德国西部的亚琛的一个实验室进行了一个月的测试,他们接触到各种浓度的柴油烟雾,其中含有有毒的氮氧化物 (NOx)。BBC 没有看到这项研究材料本身,但德国媒体说,它是在2016年出版的。 At the time the carmakers were arguing that modern technology had cut pollution from diesel engines to safe levels. But VW was later found to have fitted "cheat" devices that rigged the emissions data. 当时,汽车制造商们辩称,现代技术已将柴油发动机的污染降低到安全水平。但大众后来被揭穿装用了 “作弊” 装置,操纵了尾气排放数据。 The Aachen University Clinic said its "ethically approved" human tests had "no link" to the VW emissions scandal. 亚琛大学诊所称,其 “伦理认可” 的人体试验与大众的尾气排放丑闻 "没有联系"。 What have the carmakers said about this? 汽车制造商对此有何说法? Daimler, manufacturer of Mercedes-Benz cars, said on Sunday "we are appalled by the extent of the [EUGT] studies and their implementation". "We condemn the experiments in the strongest terms.“ 奔驰汽车制造商戴姆勒 (Daimler) 于星期日表示: “我们对 [EUGT] 研究及其实施的程度感到震惊。我们以最强烈的措辞谴责这些实验。” appalled:惊骇,充满恐惧; Reacting to the NYT report about the monkey experiments, VW tweeted on Saturday that it "explicitly distances itself clearly from all forms of animal abuse". 大众在星期六对《纽约时报》关于猴子实验的报道做出反应,VW在推特上说与“一切形式的动物虐待划清界限"。 "We know that the scientific methods used by EUGT were wrong and apologise sincerely for this.“ "我们知道 EUGT 所使用的科学方法是错误的,并且真诚地为此道歉。 VW's supervisory board says it will conduct a full investigation, calling the experiments "utterly incomprehensible". 大众的监督委员会说,它将进行全面调查,并称这些实验 "完全无法理解"。 utterly:完全地; 彻底地,绝对的; incomprehensible:不可思议的; 难以理解的,难懂的; Were the tests unethical? 这些测试不道德吗? The German government thinks so. VW apologised and Daimler said "the EUGT's approach contradicts our values and ethical principles". 德国政府是这么认为。大众道了歉,戴姆勒说, "EUGT 的做法违背了我们的价值观和道德原则”。 contradict:与…发生矛盾,与…抵触; Two independent scientists who have conducted air pollution tests on human volunteers told the BBC that the company sponsorship in the German case was problematic. 两位对人类志愿者进行过空气污染测试的独立科学家告诉 BBC,公司赞助这个德国案例是有问题的。 "If the research is not independent then there would be doubt about its validity and it would therefore not be ethical," said Prof Frank Kelly of King's College London. 伦敦国王学院的弗兰克. 凯利教授表示: “如果研究不是独立的,那么就会让人对其有效性产生怀疑,因此它就不会是合乎道德的。 validity:效力; 正确性; 有效,合法性; 正确,正当; He said hundreds of volunteers had participated in state-funded studies on the impact of diesel exhaust - studies which required prior ethical approval. In one study by the college, volunteers with chronic lung or heart conditions walked down London's busy Oxford Street and through Hyde Park. 他说,数百名志愿者参加了国家资助的关于柴油排气影响的研究,这个研究需要事先得到伦理上的认可。在学院的一项研究中,患有慢性肺病或心脏疾病的志愿者,步行走过伦敦繁忙的牛津街,并穿过海德公园。 "Experimenting on people or monkeys is not inherently unethical," said Dr Chris Carlsten of Canada's University of British Columbia. 加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学的克里斯 卡尔森 博士说: “对人或猴子进行实验本身并非不道德。” inherently:天性地,固有地; He said it was "not very common" to do air pollution tests on monkeys, though some had been used in ozone impact studies. 他说,尽管有些猴子被用于臭氧影响研究, 对猴子进行空气污染测试是 “不太常见的” 。 He has studied the effects of diesel exhaust on volunteers, who are paid about C$14 hourly (£8; $11) for two hours of exposure at a time. The diluted exhaust exposure is similar to the level experienced in Beijing, he said. 他研究了柴油机排气对志愿者的影响, 这些志愿者的报酬是每小时约14加元 (£ 8; 11 美元), 每次接触柴油机排气的实验为两个小时的时间。他说,稀释后的废气排放量与北京的实际废气排放量相似。 diluted:无力的,冲淡的; "These studies are essential to back up policies that protect all of us," he said. 他说:“这些研究对于为保护我们所有人的政策提供支持,这是至关重要的。” 每日一句 今日的每日一句请大家翻译一下“躺枪”这个词语,我们来评一评谁的翻译最精彩 2018.02 👇 |
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