 The Labrador Retriever was bred to be both a friendly companion and a useful working dog breed. Historically, he earned his keep as a fisherman’s helper: hauling nets, fetching ropes, and retrieving fish from the chilly North Atlantic. Today’s Labrador Retriever is as good-natured and hard working as his ancestors, and he’s America’s most popular breed. These days the Lab works as a retriever for hunters, assistance dog to the handicapped, show competitor, and search and rescue dog, among other canine jobs. 拉布拉多寻回犬是特地培育出来的一种友好的陪伴犬和多用途的工作犬。在历史上，他因作为渔民的好帮手而获得了好名声：他帮助拉网，拽绳子，并从冰冷的北大西洋的海水里抓逃掉的鱼。如今，拉布拉多寻回犬还如他的祖先一样，保持着好性格并且努力工作，在美国已是最流行的犬种。目前，拉布拉多被当作了猎人的寻回犬，残疾人的助力犬，狗展竞赛犬，和搜救犬等出现在大家面前。 The warm and intelligent Lab is America‘s number one breed registered with the American Kennel Club. Even non-dog people can recognize a Lab, and artists and photographers have captured his image countless times — usually as the loyal companion, waiting patiently by his owner’s side. Built for sport, the Lab is muscular and athletic. He has a short, easy-care coat, friendly demeanor, keen intelligence, and plenty of energy. The breed originated on the island of Newfoundland, off the northeastern Atlantic coast of Canada. Originally called the St. John‘s dog, after the capital city of Newfoundland, he was bred to help the local fishermen，as well as to be a family dog. Today, most Labs skip the hard labor and spend their days being pampered and loved by their people. 温和又聪明的拉布拉多目前是美国养犬俱乐部登记排名第一的犬种。即使是不养狗的人也能认出一只拉布拉多犬，艺术家和摄影师更是捕捉了无数拉布拉多的影像—通常是忠诚伙伴的形象，耐心的待在主人的身边。拉布拉多还是为运动而生的狗，强壮而灵活。他有着一身短短的而且容易打理的皮毛，有着友好的举止，敏锐的智慧和充沛的精力。拉布拉多起源于加拿大东北部大西洋中的纽芬兰岛。最早以纽芬兰岛首府圣约翰斯命名他，培育他的目的是为当地渔民工作，也被当做家犬。现在，多数拉布拉多已放弃了工作而过着被宠爱的生活。 However, some Labs still serve as indispensable working dogs. The Lab's sweet nature makes him an excellent therapy dog, visiting homes for the elderly and hospitals, and his intelligence makes him an ideal assistance dog for the handicapped. He also excels as a search and rescue dog or as a retriever for hunters, thanks to his athletic build, strong nose, and courageous nature. And Labs have also become the breed to beat at dog sports such as agility and obedience competitions — especially obedience. There's one dog job that Labs are hopeless at: watchdog. In fact, owners say their sweet, helpful Lab is likely to greet an intruder and happily show him where the goods are stashed. Labrador Retrievers have proven their usefulness and versatility throughout the breed's history, easily shifting from fisherman's companion, to field retriever, to show dog, to modern working dog. One role has remained constant: wonderful companion and friend. 但是，还是有些拉布拉多犬在作为不可或缺的工作犬而工作着。他可爱的个性使他成为了优秀的治疗犬，常去养老院和医院，他的聪明又使他成为了理想的助残犬。由于他有运动天赋，超强的鼻子和勇敢的天性，他还擅长搜救。另外他还参加犬类比赛赢得了敏捷和服从的声誉—特别是服从性。有一项工作拉布拉多犬是指望不上的,那就是看家护院。实际上，人们会说他们可爱的、乐于助人的拉布拉多犬会帮助贼人去找东西。拉布拉多犬在他的整个历史上的实用性和多样性，使他们从帮助渔民的犬类轻易地转变成了陆地上的寻回犬，成了参展的狗狗，成了当代的工作犬。有一个角色一直没变: 就是美妙的伴侣和朋友。 Highlights 着重点 Labrador Retrievers love, love, love to eat, and become obese very quickly if overfed. Limit treats, give your Lab plenty of exercise, and measure out regular meals rather than leaving food out all the time. And be warned that the Lab's large appetite extends to people food and even inedible items. Labradors will forage in garbage, counter surf, and can make a meal out of chewed-up items like children's toys. Labrador Retrievers were bred for physically demanding jobs, and they have the high energy that goes along with being a working breed. They need at least 30 to 60 minutes of exercise a day. Without it, they can vent their pent-up energy in destructive ways, such as barking and chewing. 拉布拉多犬十分钟爱吃东西，如不加限制很容易成为胖子。少吃零食，多多锻炼，定时吃饭，不要总把食物忘记收起来。要记住拉布拉多一流的胃口已经延展到了人类食物上，即使是不能吃的东西。拉布拉多会在垃圾中找吃的，扫荡灶台，并拿孩子的玩具当成 一顿饭。 拉布拉多是为体力劳动而培育的，他们有着工作犬一直有的精力。他们每天要至少锻炼30至60分钟。如没有的话，他们会以破坏性的方式发泄那些没有释放的能量，比如大叫和咬东西。 Labs have such a good reputation that many people think they don't need to bother with training. But Labs are large, energetic animals, and like all dogs, they need to be taught good canine manners. Sign up for puppy and obedience classes as soon as you bring your Lab home. 由于拉布拉多犬的好名声，多数人忽视了训练。但他是精力充沛的大狗，和其他大狗一样，他们也要被训练出好的犬类行为。一旦带狗娃回家就应该马上报名去训练班。
If you're looking for a puppy, you'll find that Labs vary depending on what breeder you choose. Some Labs are bred for competitions testing their skill as working dogs, and others are bred to get as close as possible to the ideal look, movement, and temperament of the breed. You'll also find breeders who aim for both looks and utility. Labs bred for the show ring tend to be slightly heavier and more solidly built than those intended for canine careers. 如果你想拥有一只拉布拉多犬，你会发现不同的饲养场繁殖的狗娃都不同。有的繁殖的目的是为了参加工作犬技能大赛，有的是要有更加理想的外貌，动作和气质。你也会发现有的饲养场二者兼顾。参加比赛的狗狗会比一般的狗狗重一些，壮一些。
Although his heritage is unknown, many believe the St. John‘s dog was interbred with the Newfoundland Dog and other small local water dogs. Outsiders noticed the dog’s usefulness and good disposition, and English sportsmen imported a few Labs to England to serve as retrievers for hunting. The second Earl of Malmesbury was one of the first, and had St. John‘s dogs shipped to England sometime around 1830. The third Earl of Malmesbury was the first person to refer to the dogs as Labradors. Amazingly, Labs — now America’s most popular dog — were almost extinct by the 1880s, and the Malmesbury family and other English fans are credited with saving the breed. In Newfoundland, the breed disappeared because of government restrictions and tax laws. Families were allowed to keep no more than one dog, and owning a female was highly taxed, so girl puppies were culled from litters. 尽管并不知道圣约翰斯犬的祖先是谁，但很多人认为他是由纽芬兰犬和当地其他会游泳的小型犬杂交而来。后来外地人注意到了这种狗狗的实用性和很好的个性，就有英国运动爱好者进口了几只拉布拉多犬到英国作为猎人的寻回犬。马姆斯伯里伯爵二世就是先驱之一，他于1830年左右把圣约翰斯犬带入了英国。马姆斯伯里伯爵三世则是把这种狗称作拉布拉多犬的第一人。令人感到惊奇的是，拉布拉多犬-目前美国最流行的犬种-在1880年时差点儿绝迹，而马姆斯伯里家族和其他英国粉丝对挽救这一犬种可谓居功至伟。在纽芬兰岛，这个犬种消失了，原因竟是政府的限制和税法。当地的每个家庭只能养一只狗，而且养母狗要交更多的税，因此母狗娃都被从窝里挑了出来。 In England, however, the breed survived, and the Kennel Club recognized the Labrador Retriever as a distinct breed in 1903. The American Kennel Club followed suit in 1917, and in the '20s and '30s, British Labs were imported to establish the breed in the U.S. The breed's popularity really began to take off after World War II, and in 1991, the Labrador Retriever became the most popular dog registered with the American Kennel Club — and he's held that distinction ever since. He also tops the list in Canada and England. Today, Labs work in drug and explosive detection, search and rescue, therapy, assistance to the handicapped, and as retrievers for hunters. They also excel in all forms of dog competitions: show, field, agility, and obedience. 然而在英国，这个犬种生存了下来，1903年，养犬俱乐部承认了拉布拉多寻回犬是一个出众的品种。美国养犬俱乐部于1917年紧随其后承认了其地位，在20年代和30年代，英国拉布拉多犬进入了美国以形成当地种群。这种狗名气大增是始于第二次世界大战之后，到1991年，拉布拉多成为美国养犬俱乐部注册的最流行的犬种，而且自此一直保持纪录。他在加拿大和英格兰也是最受欢迎的犬种。今天，拉布拉多犬在缉毒和搜寻爆炸物，搜救，治疗，助残，助猎等岗位都有身影。他们还擅长参加各种形式的犬类比赛：有狗展，场地赛，敏捷比赛和服从性比赛。
以labrador retriever 为爱犬的名人们 Celebrities with Labs as pets
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