 'Remarkable' therapy beats terminal breast cancer 一种“引人注目”的治疗方法战胜了晚期乳腺癌 The life of a woman with terminal breast cancer has been saved by a pioneering new therapy, say US researchers. 美国研究人员说，一个晚期乳腺癌患者的生命已经被一种开创性的新疗法拯救。 It involved pumping 90 billion cancer-killing immune cells into her body. 这关系到将900亿个杀死癌症的免疫细胞注入她的体内。 Judy Perkins had been given three months to live, but two years later there is no sign of cancer in her body. 朱迪帕金斯被宣布只有三个月的生命，但两年后，她的身体里却找不到癌症的迹象了。 The team at the US National Cancer Institute says the therapy is still experimental, but could transform the treatment of all cancer. 美国国家癌症研究所的研究小组称这种疗法仍然是实验性的，但却可能改变所有癌症的治疗方法。 Judy - who lives in Florida - had spreading, advanced breast cancer that could not be treated with conventional therapy. 朱迪住在佛罗里达州，患有扩散性、晚期乳腺癌，不能使用常规疗法治疗。 She had tennis ball-sized tumours in her liver and secondary cancers throughout her body. 在她的肝脏上有个网球大小的肿瘤，同时还有继发性癌症遍布她的整个身体。 She told the BBC: "About a week after [the therapy] I started to feel something, I had a tumour in my chest that I could feel shrinking. 她告诉英国广播公司：“治疗后大约一个星期，我开始有感觉，我胸部有一个肿瘤，我可以感觉到它在缩小。 "It took another week or two for it to completely go away.” “又花了一到两个星期，它就完全消失了。” She remembers her first scan after the procedure when the medical staff "were all very excited and jumping around”. 她记得这个疗程结束后第一次做扫描的时候，医务人员“都兴奋得跳了起来”。 It was then she was told that she was likely to be cured. 就是在那时，她得知自己可能会痊愈。 Now she's filling her life with backpacking and sea kayaking and has just taken five weeks circumnavigating Florida. 目前，她正忙着背包旅行和海上划艇，已经在佛罗里达州航行了五个星期。 Living therapy 生活疗法 The technology is a "living drug" made from a patient's own cells at one of the world's leading centres of cancer research. 该技术是在世界领先的癌症研究中心之一的一种“活的药物”，它由病人自己的细胞生成。 Dr Steven Rosenberg, chief of surgery at the National Cancer Institute, told the BBC: "We're talking about the most highly personalised treatment imaginable.” 国家癌症研究所外科主任Steven Rosenberg博士对英国广播公司说：“我们所说的是最高度个性化的治疗方法。” personalized：个性化的 It remains experimental and still requires considerably more testing before it can be used more widely, but this is how it works: it starts by getting to know the enemy. 它仍然是实验性的，还需要相当多的测试才能得到更广泛的应用，但它的工作原理是从了解敌人开始。 A patient's tumour is genetically analysed to identify the rare changes that might make the cancer visible to the immune system. 对一个病人的肿瘤进行基因分析，以确定免疫系统能识别癌症的罕见变化。 Out of the 62 genetic abnormalities in this patient, only four were potential lines of attack. 在这62个基因异常中，只有四个是潜在的攻击线。 abnormality：美 [ˌæbnɔ:rˈmæləti] n. 畸形;反常;变态;不合常规的现象或事件 Next researchers go hunting. A patient's immune system will already be attacking the tumour, it's just losing the fight between white blood cells and cancer. 接下来，研究人员开始找寻猎物。一个病人的免疫系统已经攻击了肿瘤，只是白细胞输给了癌症。 The scientists screen the patient's white blood cells and extract those capable of attacking the cancer. 科学家筛选患者的白细胞，提取那些可攻击癌症的细胞。 These are then grown in huge quantities in the laboratory. 然后在实验室里大量繁殖。 Around 90 billion were injected back into the 49-year-old patient, alongside drugs to take the brakes off the immune system. 大约900亿的细胞被注射回这名49岁的患者，同时还有药物来阻止免疫系统的启动。 Dr Rosenberg told me: "The very mutations that cause cancer turn out to be its Achilles heel." 罗森伯格博士告诉我：“导致癌症的基因突变就是它的致命弱点。” mutation：美 [mjuˈteʃən] n. 突变;变异;变化;转变 Achilles heel：阿喀琉斯之踵（唯一致命）的弱点，要害（来自希腊神话） 'Paradigm shift’ 换位模式 These are the results from a single patient and much larger trials will be needed to confirm the findings. 这些是来自单个患者的结果，还需要更大范围的试验来证实这些发现。 The challenge so far in cancer immunotherapy is it tends to work spectacularly for some patients, but the majority do not benefit. 迄今为止，在癌症免疫治疗中面临的挑战是，它对于某些患者来说很有效，但往往对大多数患者却没有效果。 immunotherapy：免疫疗法 benefit：得益，受益 Dr Rosenberg added: "This is highly experimental and we're just learning how to do this, but potentially it is applicable to any cancer. 罗森伯格博士补充说：“这是极端具有实验性的，我们正在努力尝试将它适用于任何癌症。 "At lot of works needs to be done, but the potential exists for a paradigm shift in cancer therapy - a unique drug for every cancer patient - it is very different to any other kind of treatment." “还有许多工作要做，但是潜在的存在于癌症治疗的换位模式——对于每一个癌症患者来说，这是一种独特的药物——它与任何其他类型的治疗非常不同。” The details were published in journal Nature Medicine. 详情刊登在《自然医学》杂志上。 Commenting on the findings, Dr Simon Vincent, director of research at Breast Cancer Now, said the research was "world class”. 乳腺癌的研究主任Simon Vincent博士评论说，这项研究是“世界级”的。 He told the BBC: "We think this is a remarkable result. 他告诉英国广播公司：“我们认为这是一个引人注目的结果。 "It's the first opportunity to see this sort of immunotherapy in the most common sort of breast cancer at the moment it has only been tested in one patient, “这是目前看到的第一例在最常见的乳腺癌使用这种免疫疗法，且只是在一个病人身上进行测试， "There's a huge amount of work that needs to be done, but potentially it could open up a whole new area of therapy for a large number of people.” “有大量的工作需要做，但是有可能为很多人打开一个全新的治疗领域。” 👇 |
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