 Household disinfectants could be making kids overweight, study says 研究称，家用消毒剂或可导致儿童超重。 (CNN) Multi-surface cleaners and other commonly used household disinfectants could be making children overweight by altering the bacteria found in their guts, a new study published Monday in the Canadian Medical Association Journal suggests. （CNN）周一发表在加拿大医学协会期刊上的一项新研究表明，家用消毒剂和其他常用的家庭消毒剂可能通过改变肠道中的细菌而使儿童超重。 disinfectant：消毒剂，杀菌剂 Infants living in households where antimicrobial disinfectants are used at least weekly were twice as likely to have higher levels of the bacteria Lachnospiraceae at ages 3 to 4 months than children whose homes did not frequently use disinfectants, the Canadian researchers found. When those children with higher levels of Lachnospiraceae were 3 years old, their body mass index (BMI) was higher than children who do not live in homes that frequently use disinfectants, the study also showed. 加拿大研究人员发现，生活在至少每周使用抗菌消毒剂的家庭中的婴儿在3-4个月大的时候，比那些家里不经常使用消毒剂的儿童更容易感染毛螺菌科病菌。研究还显示，当那些病菌显示水平较高的儿童在3岁时，他们的体重指数（BMI）高于那些没有经常使用消毒剂的家庭的儿童。 antimicrobial：抗菌剂，杀菌剂 Lachnospiraceae：毛螺菌科 BMI：Body Mass Index （体质指数） The bacteria Lachnospiraceae are "a normal component of our gut microbiota," Anita Kozyrskyj, senior author of the study and a University of Alberta pediatrics professor, said in a CMAJ podcast. 该研究的资深作者、艾伯塔大学儿科教授Anita Kozyrskyj在加拿大医学协会杂志的播客视频中说，拉氏菌科细菌是“我们肠道微生物群的正常组成部分”。 However, she explained that it is known "from animal studies that higher levels of Lachnospiraceae have been associated with higher body fat and insulin resistance." 然而，她解释说，“从动物研究中得知，较高水平的毛螺菌科与较高的体脂和抗胰岛素性有关。” microbiota：微生物丛，微生物区 'Culprit' linking disinfectant use and weight 出现的问题与消毒剂的使用和体重有关联 culprit'：“罪魁祸首” The new report uses data from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development study, which began in 2009 with researchers actively following participants as they grow and develop, from mid-pregnancy into childhood and adolescence. 这份新的报告使用了来自‘加拿大健康婴儿纵向发展研究’的数据，这项研究始于2009年，研究人员积极跟踪参与者从怀孕中期一直到儿童期和青春期的成长和发展。 longitudinal：纵向的;纵的;经度的;纵观的 When infants were 3 or 4 months old, their parents provided a poop sample for each infant and answered questions about their home, explained Kozyrskyj. Samples from 757 infants were profiled and analyzed along with BMI data at older ages and parental use of disinfectant products. Kozyrskyj解释说，当婴儿3或4个月大的时候，他们的父母会提供每个婴儿的粪便样本，并回答有关他们家的问题。他们对757名婴儿的样本进行了存档，并在孩子成长的过程中，将BMI数据和父母使用消毒产品的情况进行分析。 One of the study's findings is that roughly 80% of Canadian households use disinfectant products, most often multi-surface cleaners, at least once weekly, said Kozyrskyj. Kozyrskyj说，这项研究的一个发现是，大约80%的加拿大家庭使用消毒产品，大多数家庭使用多种表面清洁剂，每周至少一次。 While the researchers found an increase in Lachnospiraceae bacteria with more frequent cleaning with disinfectants, they did not see the same association with washing detergents without the bacteria-killing ingredients found in disinfectants or eco-friendly cleaners. 虽然研究人员发现使用消毒剂进行清洁的频率越高，毛螺菌科水平也越高。但在和没有杀菌成分的洗涤剂或环保清洁剂相对比时，他们没有发现类似的关联。 "These results suggest that gut microbiota were the culprit in the association between disinfectant use and the overweight," said Kozyrskyj. Kozyrskyj说：“这些结果表明肠道微生物群是消毒剂使用与体重超重之间联系的罪魁祸首。 Gut microbiota refers to the community of bacteria that live harmoniously together in our digestive tract, explained Kozyrskyj. This community develops during infancy when we gain a larger number of bacterial species, with each species decreasing or increasing in number over time. Kozyrskyj解释说，肠道微生物是指在我们消化道中那些与我们和谐共存的菌群。这个群落在婴儿时期，随着获得更多的细菌物种，就发展起来。每种细菌的数量会随着时间的流逝或减少或增加。 "We each possess a unique gut microbiota but there are common patterns, there are common microbes that are expected to be found in childhood and in adulthood," said Kozyrskyj. "I would say around 3 years of age we have a bacterial composition that we can call our own. And it stays with us for the remainder of our life." Kozyrskyj说：“我们每个人都拥有一种独特的肠道微生物群，但是它们有共同的模式，在儿童期和成年期都会发现一些常见的微生物。”我认为大约3岁的时候，就开始拥有一种属于我们自己的菌群组成。它会伴随我们的整个余生。” This is important because past research has drawn a connection between gut microbiota composition and weight in adulthood. 这是非常重要的发现，过去的研究已经得出了肠道微生物群组成和体重在成年期之间的联系。 Spotting risk factors for obesity 发现肥胖的风险因素 Though the study results highlight the connection between disinfectants and the gut microbiota, Kozyrskyj noted that "it still is a big leap to use the word causation." 尽管研究结果强调了消毒剂与肠道微生物之间的关联，但Kozyrskyj指出“称之为因果关系，是一个非常大的飞跃。” causation：原因，（某种结果的）出现，发生因果关系 That said, some of the evidence clearly points to a direct cause-effect relationship between disinfectants and higher levels of the common gut bacteria, she said. For example, animal studies have found similar changes in the gut bacteria of piglets when exposed to disinfectants, she said. 就是说，一些证据清楚地表明，消毒剂与较高水平的普通肠道菌群之间存在着直接的因果关系。她说，例如，动物研究发现，当猪仔暴露在消毒剂下时，肠道细菌会发生类似的变化。 And "higher frequency of use of disinfectant was associated with higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae," said Kozyrskyj. Still, she warned that more research is needed to confirm these results and establish a causal relationship. Kozyrskyj说：“使用消毒剂的频率越高，毛螺菌科的水平越高。”不过，她警告说，还需要更多的研究，来证实这些结果，并且要让这样的因果关系成立。 causal relationship：因果关系 Richard Sedlak, executive vice president at the American Cleaning Institute, said in a statement that the institute was "disappointed at the sensational claims" made by the study authors. The study's flaws include no accounting for the diets of the children, said Sedlak, who was not involved in the new study. 美国清洁研究所执行副总裁Richard Sedlak在一份声明中说，该研究所“对研究作者提出的耸人听闻的说法感到失望”。Sedlak说，这项研究的不足，是它没有将儿童的饮食纳入考量之中，但他并没有参与这项新研究。 "Proper use of household cleaners and disinfectants is an important contributor to infection control and healthy homes," he said. "These products are trusted by families to effectively clean, sanitize and disinfect areas of their homes, reducing opportunities for children at these young ages to suffer significant illnesses." “正确使用家用清洁剂和消毒剂是控制传染和家庭健康的重要手段，”他说。“这些产品被家庭信赖，能有效地清洁和消毒家庭的不同区域，减少年幼儿童患上严重疾病的可能。” "Proper use of EPA-registered disinfectants plays an important role in helping prevent the spread of flu," added Sedlak, who quoted the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, which advises people to "clean and disinfect surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with germs like flu." “正确使用EPA注册的消毒剂在帮助预防流感传播方面起着重要作用，”Sedlak补充道，他引用了美国疾病控制和预防中心的网站的文字，该网站建议人们“清洁和消毒可能被细菌污染的表面和物体，如流感细菌。” In a published commentary, Moira K. Differding and Noel T. Mueller, both of the Department of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, wrote that the study results were "biologically plausible." 巴尔的摩约翰霍普金斯彭博公共卫生学院流行病学系的Moira K. Differding和Noel T. Mueller在公开发表的文章中写道，研究结果从生物学角度上讲是可信的。 Why? The bacteria that we are exposed to during our infancy both educates our immune system and programs our metabolic system, explained Differding and Mueller, neither of whom participated in the new study. And in previously published studies researchers have found that disruptions in the natural development of the infant gut bacteria -- due to a cesarean delivery, prenatal and postnatal antibiotics, or formula feeding -- have been associated with a higher risk of childhood obesity, they said. 为什么呢？Differding和Mueller解释说，我们婴儿时期接触到的细菌既能培育我们的免疫系统，又能调节我们的新陈代谢系统。他们两人也都没有参与这项新研究。他们说，在以前发表的文章中提到，研究人员发现，婴儿肠道细菌的自然发育中断 — 由于剖腹产、产前和产后服用抗生素或配方奶喂养 — 与儿童时期的肥胖高发有关联。 "The prevalence of childhood obesity continues to rise globally," wrote Differding and Mueller, adding that it is "more important than ever" to identify obesity risk factors and ways to prevent high weight gains in children. “全球儿童肥胖症发病率持续上升，”Differding和Mueller写道，并补充说，识别肥胖风险因素和防止儿童体重增加的方法“比以往任何时候都重要”。 Kozyrskyj said one finding in the new study surprised the research team. Babies living in households that used eco-friendly cleaners had different microbiota -- much lower levels of Enterobacteriaceae -- and were less likely to be overweight as toddlers. Yet, an analysis of the data did not show that this altered bacterial community was linked to the reduced obesity risk in the children. Kozyrskyj说，新研究中的一项发现让研究团队感到惊讶。生活在使用环保清洁剂的家庭中的婴儿具有不同的微生物群 — 肠杆菌科的含量要低得多 — 而且孩子也不太可能超重。然而，对数据的分析并没有显示这种改变的菌群与儿童肥胖风险降低有关。 "The eco-friendly product-using mothers may be more healthy," she said, adding that the mother's overall healthier lifestyle and eating habits may benefit both the gut bacteria and the weight of their children. 她说：“使用环保产品的母亲可能更健康，”并补充说，母亲总体上更健康的生活方式和饮食习惯，会使孩子的肠道细菌和体重受益。 Because the results have yet to be confirmed, Kozyrskyj is not yet ready to recommend consumers buy eco-friendly products. However, she said the study did open her mind to using green products, including DIY vinegar cleaning solutions, in her own home. 由于结果尚未得到证实，Kozyrskyj还没有准备好建议消费者购买环保产品。不过，她说，这项研究确实打开了她使用绿色产品的思路，包括在自己家里自制醋清洁液的想法。 👇 |
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