【原】(Metro English - 116 - Art - Bal du Moulin de la Galette- Renoir

Art - Bal du Moulin de la Galette - Renoir

Bal du moulin de la Galette (commonly known as Dance at Le moulin de la Galette) is an 1876 painting by French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir. 法兰西艺术家皮埃尔·奥古斯特·雷诺阿（Pierre Auguste Renoir）于1876年创作的《煎饼磨坊的舞会》（Bal du Moulin de la Galette）（通常被称为《加勒特之舞》）。It is housed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris and is one of Impressionism's most celebrated masterpieces. 它位于巴黎的奥赛博物馆，是印象派最著名的杰作之一。The painting depicts a typical Sunday afternoon at the original Moulin de la Galette in the district of Montmartre in Paris. 这幅画描绘了一个典型的星期天下午在巴黎蒙马特区的原穆林德拉加莱特。In the late 19th century, working-class Parisians would dress up and spend time there dancing, drinking, and eating galettes into the evening.  19世纪末，巴黎的工人阶层的人们会打扮得漂漂亮亮，在那里跳舞、喝酒，直到晚上还吃着饼干。

Like other works of Renoir's early maturity, Bal du moulin de la Galette is a typically Impressionist snapshot of real life. It shows a richness of form, a fluidity of brush stroke, and a flickering, sun-dappled light.  像其他雷诺阿早期成熟的作品一样，煎饼磨坊的舞会是典型的印象派现实生活的写照。它显示出丰富的形式，流动的笔触，以及闪烁的，阳光斑驳的光。

What do you see? 

An open-air dance in Montmartre (a hill and district in Paris). 蒙马特的露天舞蹈（巴黎的一个小山丘，也是一巴黎的一个区）。On the table in the foreground sits a 16-year old model in a striped dress. Her name is Estelle. Probably, her older sister, Jeanne Samary, stands behind her and is in conversation with the painter Franc Lamy. Renoir used Jeanne Samary more often as a model for his paintings, such as in The Swing which is also in the Musée d’Orsay. 前台的桌子上坐着一位16岁的模特，穿着条纹连衣裙。她的名字叫埃斯特尔。很可能，她的姐姐珍妮萨马利站在她身后，正在和画家弗兰克拉米交谈。雷诺阿经常把珍妮·萨马利作为他的画的模型，比如《秋千》，也在奥赛博物馆。The man on the right side of the other side of the table is George Rivière, the biographer of Renoir, and the man smoking a pipe on the left is the printmaker Norbert Goeneutte. 桌子另一边右边的那个人是乔治·里维雷，雷诺阿的传记作者，左边抽烟斗的那个人是版画制作者诺伯特·戈内特。People are dancing behind them under the acacia trees. The dancing women are mainly local people, and the men are mostly friends of Renoir.人们在他们身后的金合欢树下跳舞。跳舞的女人主要是当地人，男人主要是雷诺阿的朋友。 On the bottom left, a child is playing with her mother. 在左下角，一个孩子正在和她母亲玩耍。This painting may be painted on a Sunday afternoon when the dance hall was open to families with children. On the top, we can identify some chandeliers that are hanging in the trees, as well as some lights on a pole on the right.  这幅画可能是在星期天下午，当舞厅向有孩子的家庭开放时画的。在顶部，我们可以辨认出一些悬挂在树上的枝形吊灯，以及一些在右边的灯杆上的灯。

The Swing by Renoir

The effects of light: 

Renoir paid careful attention to the effect of the sunlight on the dancing people. 雷诺阿非常注意阳光对舞者的影响。It seems to be a sunny day, but the trees block part of the sunlight.这似乎是一个阳光明媚的日子，但树木挡住了部分阳光。We can see the brighter and darker areas in the painting by looking at the ground and the colors of the dresses of the woman. 我们可以通过观察地面和女人衣服的颜色，看到画面中明亮和黑暗的区域。Look also at the man sitting with his back toward us in the right foreground. He has some light patches on his jacket and head. This is the result of the sunlight shining through the trees.  再看看那个背对着我们坐在右前方的人。他的夹克和头上有一些浅色的补丁。这是阳光照过树的结果。

Backstory 背景：

Moulin de la Galette was the name of a neighborhood dance hall located next to a windmill (moulin is French for windmill). Moulin de la Galette是附近一个舞厅的名字，位于一个风车旁边（Moulin是法语中的风车）。Renoir also painted a smaller version of this painting which is in a private collection. 雷诺阿还画了一幅小版本的这幅画，被一个私人收藏起来。In that version, he leaves out more details.  在那个版本中，他省略了较多的细节。This painting was sold in 1990 for $78.1 million, which is still a record for a Renoir painting.这幅画于1990年以7810万美元的价格售出，这仍然是雷诺阿绘画的最高纪录。 It is uncertain which of the two versions has been painted first. 这两个版本中的哪一个是先画的还不确定。The current version is in the Musée d’Orsay since 1986 when it was transferred from the Louvre. 自1986年从卢浮宫转移过来后，这个版本就一直存放在奥赛博物馆。 Renoir used loose brush strokes to paint this work, and the painting lacks quite some detail. 雷诺阿用松散的笔触来画这幅作品，但这幅画缺乏一些细节。On the Impressionist exhibition where this painting was first shown to the public, some people were confused and thought that Renoir did not finish his painting yet. 在这幅画首次公之于众的印象派展览上，有些人感到困惑，认为雷诺阿还没有完成他的画。 However, Renoir left out many details on purpose as he understood that the human eye could fill in the details when looking at the painting. 然而，雷诺阿故意漏掉了许多细节，因为他明白人的眼睛可以在看画的时候填充细节。This allowed him to focus on the effects of light and movement, and create a bright and happy painting of the public dance.  这使他能够专注于光和运动的效果，并创作出一幅明亮而快乐的公众舞蹈作品。

Open-air dance halls? The Moulin de la Galette was an open-air dance hall in Paris in the 1870s. Open-air dance halls were very popular in 19th-century France and were a great source of entertainment for the people. 露天舞厅？拉盖莱特磨坊是19世纪70年代巴黎的一个露天舞厅。露天舞厅在19世纪的法国非常流行，是人们娱乐的一个重要来源。Most people went there not to dance, but just to watch the dancers and enjoy the relaxed atmosphere. 大多数人去那里不是为了跳舞，而是为了观看舞者，享受轻松的气氛。 Renoir is the only Impressionist artist to depict this theme in his paintings. 雷诺阿是唯一一个在他的绘画中描述这个主题的印象派艺术家。Renoir attended most of the events at the Moulin de la Galette, sometimes accompanied by other artists like Degas, and liked to dance there as well. 雷诺阿参加了在加莱特山举行的大部分活动，有时会有德加等其他艺术家陪同，也喜欢在那里跳舞。To watch the dancers at the Moulin de la Galette, you had to pay a quarter French franc. The Moulin de la Galette first opened around 1833.  要在加勒特山观看舞蹈演员，你得付四分之一法国法郎。加莱特磨坊于1833年首次开业。

Who is Renoir? 

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) is a French painter from Limoges in the middle of France. 皮埃尔·奥古斯特·雷诺（Pierre Auguste Renoir，1841-1919）是法国中部利莫格斯的一位法国画家。When Pierre-Auguste was three years old, his family moved to Paris where they lived close to the Louvre. 皮埃尔·奥古斯特三岁时，他的家人搬到巴黎，住在卢浮宫附近。 It was a dream of him to have his work on display in the Louvre and in the last year of his life, he visited the Louvre where he could see his own work hanging among the masterpieces that he admired as a child. 他梦想着自己的作品能在卢浮宫展出，在他生命的最后一年，他参观了卢浮宫，在那里他可以看到自己的作品挂在他小时候欣赏的杰作之中。He is one of the founders of Impressionism, together with artists like Cézanne, Degas, Manet, and Monet. 他与塞尚、德加、马奈和莫奈等艺术家一起，都是印象派的创始人。The Impressionists focused on the effects of light and often painted outside. 印象派的对于光线非常讲究，经常在外面作画。Renoir’s opinion about art was that it should be pretty and he mostly painted very happy scenes. 雷诺阿对艺术的看法是，它应该很漂亮，他也最画欢乐的场景。Two good examples are The Apple Seller in the Cleveland Museum of Art and A Girl with a Watering Can in the National Gallery of Art. 两个很好的作品一幅叫做苹果贩卖商，现在收藏在克利夫兰艺术博物馆，另一幅叫做和手拿水罐的小女孩，收藏在国家艺术画廊。

The Apple Seller by Renoir

A Girl with a Watering Can by Renoir

Fun fact: 

Renoir paints an open-air dance in Montmartre, a neighborhood in Paris that was popular among artists in the second half of the 19th century. 雷诺阿在蒙马特（Montmartre）画了一幅露天舞蹈，这是19世纪下半叶巴黎的一个街区，在艺术家中很受欢迎。It was the home to artists like Degas, Manet, Monet, Picasso, and Van Gogh. 它是德加、马奈、莫奈、毕加索和梵高等艺术家的家。Renoir lived there as well and rented a studio close to the dance hall depicted in this painting. 雷诺阿也住在那里，租了一间画室，靠近这幅画中描绘的舞厅。He brought the canvas from his studio to the dance hall to paint the dance. 他把画布从画室带到舞厅来画舞蹈。他认识的许多人参加了舞会。Many people that he knew participated in the dance. The story goes that, on some days, when it was windy, some of his friends there had to help him to keep the canvas straight while he was painting.   他认识的许多人参加了舞会。据说，有一天，当刮风的时候，他在那里的一些朋友不得不帮助他在画画的时候保持画布的笔直。

moulin  象征主义者

Impressionism  当代新艺术风格

snapshot 中世纪

galettes 布列塔尼饼干

acacia  金合欢树

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