【原】Metro English - 236 - Basketball 篮球

新用户02986T3F 2020-09-17

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Most Favorite Sports - Basketball 篮球

Basketball Basics 篮球基本知识

Here are 6 basic things you need to know about the game of Basketball.

有关篮球，你要了解以下6条。

1. The Court 球场

Basketball is played on the Court (also known as the Hardwood). The Court is a rectangle with a Basketball Goal on each end. The Goal (also known as a basket or hoop) is supported by a backboard and has a net for the ball to travel down. (“Nothing but net” refers to a shot that doesn’t use the backboard but slides right into the hoop and down the net.)

篮球在专用球场上打（也称为硬木球场）。球场是一个长方形，两头各有一个篮球架。球门（也被称为篮筐或球篮）由篮板支撑，并有一个球网让球投入。（“直中篮网”指的是不借助篮板，而是直接命中篮筐的投篮。）

Now, there are a lot of lines on the court. The court is outlined by the boundary. The half-court line splits the court into 2 halves. The center ring is used for Tip-off. The outside arc is the 3-point line. Any shot made with the player outside this line counts for 3 points. If the player is inside this line, the goal is worth 2 points. In front of the goal is an area known as “the paint” or “lane.” The short lines around the paint mark the space for players to stand during free throw shots. The line at the top of the painting parallel with the baseline is the foul line. The player shooting a free through must stand behind the foul line.

现在，球场上有很多条线。球场是由边线围起来的。半场线把球场分成两半。中心环用于跳球。外弧线是三分球线。在这条线外的任何一次投中都会得到3分。如果球员在这条线内，进球得2分。球门前是一个被称为“三秒区”或“禁区”的区域。三秒区周围的短线表示球员在罚球时的站立位置。三秒区的顶部与基线平行的线是罚球线。罚球的球员必须站在罚球线后面投篮。

2. The Players 球员

There are 5 players from each team on the court. The 5 players must play both offense and defense. Remember, the offense has possession of the ball and is trying to score. The defense is defending or guarding the goal, trying to keep the offense from scoring and also trying to steal possession of the ball.

场上每队有5名队员。这5名球员必须同时进行进攻和防守。记住，进攻方有控球权并试图得分。防守一方是防守或防止进球，是想方设法阻止进攻方得分，也试图抢回控球权。

possession of the ball：控球权

3. The Ball – Dribble, Pass, Shoot 球-运球，传球，投球

A player can DRIBBLE the ball around the court, PASS the ball to another player, or SHOOT the ball into the goal.

球员可以在球场上运球，把球传给另一个球员，或者把球投入篮筐。

When a player has possession of the ball, the ball must be in motion. Dribbling the ball is the motion of continual bouncing the basketball off the court. If a player picks up the dribble he has only 5 seconds to pass or shoot the ball. Once a player picks up the dribble, he cannot walk or restart the dribble. If he does, the other team gets possession of the ball.

当球员控球时，球必须在运动中。运球是篮球在球场上不断弹跳的动作。如果一个球员开始运球，他只有5秒钟的时间传球或投篮。一旦球员开始运球，他就不能走路或二次运球。如果他这样做了，另一队就得到了控球权。

4. Scoring 得分

The only way to score points in basketball is to shoot the ball through the hoop.

在比赛中得分的唯一方法是把球投入篮筐。

During regular play: 3 points for shots made outside the 3-point line. 2 points for shots made inside the 3-point line.

常规比赛中：在三分线外投篮得分是得三分，在三分线内投中是得两分。

During penalty play: If a player is fouled, a penalty shot may take place. A FREE THROW is worth 1 point each. It’s called a free throw because it is an unguarded “free” shot. This shot is taken at the free-throw line. Players line up on either side of the goal in hopes of retrieving the rebound if the shot is missed. Depending on the type of foul, a player may be given 1 shot, 2 shots, or 1-1 shot. A 1-1 shot requires the 1st shot to be made in order to attempt the 2nd.

在罚球时：如果球员被犯规，可以罚球。罚球每投中一次得1分。这叫任意球，因为这是无人防守的“任意”投的球。罚球是在罚球线上投的。球员们在球篮的两边排成一排，希望在投篮不中时能抢回篮板。根据犯规的类型，一名球员可以被罚1次、2次或1+1次投球。1+1次需要第一次投中才能进行第二次罚球。

5. Time 比赛时间

In basketball, there is a Game Clock and a Shot Clock.

在篮球比赛中，有一个比赛时钟和一个投球时钟。

The Game Clock manages the time of the game. The NCAA has TWO 20-minute periods. The NBA has FOUR 12-minute periods (High schools vary based on state).

比赛时钟负责比赛时间。美国大学篮球联赛中，有两个20分钟的半场。美国篮球协会的比赛中，有四个12分钟的节（高中比赛因州而异）。

Shot Clock A team has a limited amount of time to attempt a shot once the team has possession of the ball. The shot clock time varies between NBA, WNBA, and NCAA Men’s and Women’s. The clock is usually visible on or near the basketball goal. The point of a shot clock is to keep the game moving along instead of a team passing the ball around the court for prolonged periods of time.

投球时钟是指一支球队一旦拥有球权就会拥有一个有限的时间去进去投球。NBA、WNBA和NCAA男篮和女篮的投球时钟时间各不相同。该时钟通常在篮球球板上或附近可见。投球时钟的作用是让比赛连续进行，而不是让球队长时间地在球场上传球来拖延时间。

There are also time elements measured by the officials. For example, Players have 10 seconds to get out the ball of the backcourt, or 5 seconds to inbound the ball. You will see the official keep time by swinging an arm like a pendulum.

另外还有官员掌握的时间。例如，球员有10秒的时间从后场进入前场，或者5秒的时间投球。你会看到官员挥动手臂像钟摆一样计算着时间。

6. Tip-Off 争球

It’s Game Time! To begin the game, each team sends one player to the center circle for tip-off (usually the tallest player). The ref throws the ball straight up into the air, and one of the players in the center will tip the ball to a teammate to begin play. This is the first possession of the game.

比赛时间到了！为了开始比赛，每队派一名球员到中心环争球（通常是最高的球员）。裁判将球直接抛向空中，中间的一名球员将球传给队友开始比赛。这是这场比赛的第一次控球。

The offense will run plays and try to find an open shot. The defense will guard the ball handlers, try to intercept a pass, or rebound a missed a shot. If the defense gains the ball, the possession changes immediately, and the teams will race to the other end of the court as the new team in possession of the ball will be attempting to shoot the ball.

进攻方将继续进攻并试图找空挡投球。防守方将防守控球队员，试图拦截传球，或抢一个篮板球。如果防守方拿到球，控球权立即发生变化，当控球的一方试图投球时，双方将比赛转移到球场的另一端。

Once a shot is made, the possession changes to the other team. However, instead of this possession change being immediate, a player must take the ball out of bounds, and throw the ball to a teammate inbounds to restart play.

一旦投中，控球权就转移到另一队。然而，球员必须将球带出界外，并将球传给界内队友重新开始比赛，而不是立即拿球进攻。

The game continues to move at a fast pace with possession of the ball changing very quickly.

比赛以很快的速度连续进行，控防变化非常快。