  On September 24 2017, Angela Merkel won a fourth term as chancellor of Germany. Here is what you should know about the most powerful woman in the world: 2017年9月24日，默克尔赢得了德国总理的第四个任期的连任。以下是你应该了解的这位世界上最有权势的女人的一些事情： 1. Merkel was born Angela Dorothea Kasner in Cold War-era Germany in 1954. Three weeks after she was born in the pro-Western city of Hamburg, her father moved the family behind the Iron Curtain into the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Her father, Horst Kasner, was a Lutheran pastor who moved the family to GDR to “build a distinctly East German Protestantism” that included separating “state and church—rendering, as the scriptures taught, to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s.” 默克尔1954年出生于冷战时期的德国。原名安吉拉·多萝西娅·卡斯纳。她在西德城市汉堡出生三周后，她的父亲将家搬入了德意志民主共和国（GDR）。她的父亲霍斯特·卡斯纳是一位路德教会牧师，他把这个家庭搬到了民主德国，“建立一个明显的东德新教”，其中包括“按照圣经的教导，凯撒的物当归给凯撒，神的物当归给神”。 2. Merkel is a Lutheran member of the Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia. In a 2012 interview she said about her faith, “I am a member of the evangelical church. I believe in God and religion is also my constant companion, and has been for the whole of my life. We as Christians should above all not be afraid of standing up for our beliefs.” 默克尔是柏林、勃兰登堡和西里西亚上流社会福音教会的路德教派成员。在2012年的一次采访中，她谈到了自己的信仰，“我是福音教会的一员。我相信上帝，宗教也是我永恒的伴侣，且陪伴我一生。作为基督徒，我们首先不应害怕维护自己的信仰。” 3. From 1973 to 1978 Merkel studied physics at the University of Leipzig (which at the time was called Karl Marx University), and from 1978 to 1990 she studied at the Central Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the GDR in Berlin. While there as both a student and research scientist, Merkel earned a doctorate in quantum chemistry. She also became fluent in Russian, earning a state prize. From 1980 to 1998 Merkel published 8 papers in science journals, including the journals Chemical Physics, the Journal of the American Chemical Society, and Science. 1973年至1978年，默克尔在莱比锡大学（当时称为卡尔·马克思大学）学习物理，1978年至1990年，默克尔在柏林民主德国科学院中央物理化学研究所学习。在那里，默克尔既是学生又是研究科学家，获得了量子化学博士学位。她还精通俄语，获得国家奖。从1980年到1998年，默克尔在《化学物理学》、《美国化学学会杂志》和《科学》等科学期刊上发表了8篇论文。 4. When Merkel applied for an assistant professor position at an engineering school, she was told she would be required to join the Stasi (the East German secret police). She refused, as Time magazine says, claiming “she would make a bad spy because she was too much of a blabbermouth.” Had she accepted the deal to work for the Stasi she likely would have never been able to have a political career in post-unification Germany. 默克尔在一所工程学校申请助理教授职位时，被告知她将被要求加入东德秘密警察（Stasi）。正如《时代》杂志所说，她拒绝了，声称“她会成为一个糟糕的间谍，因为她太多嘴多舌了。”如果当时她接受了为东德秘密警察工作的协议，她很可能永远无法在统一后的德国从事政治。 5. In 1977 she married Ulrich Merkel. Although they divorced in 1982 (and she would later marry a scientist named Joachim Sauer), she kept her first husband’s last name. After her divorce, she lived like a squatter in an illegal apartment while pursuing her doctorate. On her 30th birthday, her father came to visit, telling her, “You haven’t gotten very far.” 1977年她嫁给了乌尔里希·默克尔。虽然他们在1982年离婚（她后来嫁给了一位名叫约阿希姆·索尔的科学家），但她保留了第一任丈夫的姓氏。离婚后，她像个侵占者住在非法公寓里，一边攻读博士学位。在她30岁生日那天，她父亲来拜访她，告诉她，“你还没有走的太远。” 6. In 1990, a month after fall of the Berlin Wall, Merkel joined Democratic Awakening, a new East German political party. She initially served as a volunteer setting up office equipment. A few months later Merkel handled the media when the party’s leader was exposed as a former Stasi informant. She so impressed Lothar de Maiziere, East Germany’s first democratically elected prime minister, that he made her his deputy spokesperson. 1990年，柏林墙倒塌一个月后，默克尔加入了东德新政党民主觉醒党。她最初是一名志愿者，负责安装办公设备。几个月后，默克尔负责和媒体打交道时，该党领导人被揭露为前东德秘密警察。她给东德第一位民选总理洛萨·德迈齐尔留下了深刻的印象，他任命她为副发言人。 7. That same year, she was elected to the German parliament was soon after appointed to the Cabinet, serving as Minister for Women and Youth under Chancellor Helmut Kohl. In 1994, she was promoted to the position of Minister for the Environment and Nuclear Safety, and in 1998 became the Secretary-General of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Germany’s center-right party. 同年，她被选入德国议会后不久被任命为内阁成员，在赫尔穆特·科尔总理领导下担任妇女和青年事务部长。1994年，她被提升为环境与核安全部长，1998年成为德国中右翼政党基督教民主联盟（基民盟）秘书长。 8. In November 2005, Merkel assumed the office of Chancellor of Germany, becoming the country’s first female chancellor. She would be reelected in 2009, 2013, and 2017. She is currently the longest-serving incumbent head of government in the European Union (EU) and one of the longest-serving leaders in the free world. 2005年11月，默克尔就任德国总理，成为德国首位女总理。她在2009年、2013年和2017年连任。她目前是欧盟（EU）任职时间最长的现任政府首脑，也是自由世界任职时间最长的领导人之一。 9. Merkel’s tenure has coincided with four major international crises: the global financial crisis of 2008, the eurozone debt crisis, the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the crisis over refugees and intra-EU migration. Because Germany has taken the lead on these issues in Europe, Merkel has called for the European Union to develop a united and coherent foreign policy. “The world has to see that member states won’t deviate from a European consensus on these issues,” she said recently, adding that it was important to recognize that a country’s position would sometimes be overruled in favor of the EU. 默克尔任期内恰逢四大国际危机：2008年全球金融危机、欧元区债务危机、俄乌军事冲突、难民危机和欧盟内部移民危机。由于德国在这些问题上在欧洲处于领先地位，默克尔呼吁欧盟制定一项统一、连贯的外交政策。“世界必须看到，成员国不会偏离欧洲在这些问题上的共识，”她最近说，并补充说，必须认识到，一个国家的立场有时需要以支持欧盟而转变。 10. In 2015, Time magazine chose Merkel as their “Person of the Year” and described her as the “de facto leader of the European Union, the most prosperous joint venture on the planet.” Forbes magazine has also chosen her a record ten times for the top slot in their list of “The World’s Most Powerful Women.” She is currently also the senior leader of the Group of Seven (G7), an informal bloc of industrialized democracies that includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 2015年，《时代》杂志评选默克尔为“年度人物”，并称她为“欧盟这一世界上最繁荣的合资企业的实际领导人。”《福布斯》杂志也曾十次评选默克尔为“世界上最有权势的女性”的榜首。她目前也是七国集团（G7）的高级领导人，这是一个由工业化民主国家组成的非正式集团，包括加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日本、英国和美国。 chancellor (德国或奥地利的)总理 blabbermouth 多嘴多舌的人 incumbent 现任者 de facto 事实上 |
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