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(CLIP: Tuning sound) (片段:调音声) Remember scrolling through the radio dial, hoping a tune you liked would pop out of the static? 你是否记得，拨动收音机的拨号盘，希望喜欢的一首曲子从静电噪音中跳出来吗? You never had to listen too long to know you'd landed on a hit. 不需要听太久你就知道已经成功了。 "Music has a very strong, remarkably strong, hold on us. So it's way enough to be exposed to a very brief snippet of a familiar song for us to be able to recognize it." “音乐对我们有一种非常强烈的吸引力，所以，我们只要听一小段熟悉的歌曲就能辨认出来。” Maria Chait, an auditory cognitive neuroscientist at University College London. 玛丽亚.查伊特是伦敦大学学院的听觉认知神经科学家。 Chait and her team recently studied how quick that reflex is. 最近，查伊特和她的团队研究了这种反应的速度。 They started by asking 10 volunteers to name a feel-good, familiar song like this: 他们让10名志愿者说出一首让人感觉良好且熟悉的歌曲，像这首: (CLIP: Song 1) (片段:歌曲1) Then the researchers handpicked a second tune that sounded similar but was unfamiliar to the volunteer. 然后，研究人员精心挑选了第二首听起来与第-首歌曲相似但志愿者不熟悉的曲子。 (CLIP: Song 2) (片段:歌曲2) They chopped both songs into tiny bits each less than a second long and then randomly interspersed them into a six and a half-minute-long track of song snippets. 他们将两首歌曲切成每首不到一秒的小片段，然后将它们随机穿插到六分半钟长的歌曲片段中。 (CLIP: Snippet track) (片段:片段歌曲) As the snippets played, the scientists measured the volunteers' brain activity via a network of 128 electrodes and monitored changes in pupil diameter, too, a sign of arousal. 当播放这些片段时，科学家通过一个电极网(128个 And the researchers found that the listeners' pupils dilated more rapidly when they heard familiar versus unfamiliar samples within just a tenth to a third of a second! 研究人员发现，在十分之一到三分之一秒内，当志愿者听到熟悉的歌曲时，他们的瞳孔扩张得更快! Familiar tunes also triggered a two-step pattern of brain activation almost identical to that seen in other memory studies where the brain first recognizes something as familiar and then retrievesmore detailed information about it. 熟悉的音乐也会分两步激活大脑，这与其他记忆研究的结果几乎相同，即大脑首先识别出熟悉的东西，然后检索出与其相关的更详细的信息。 That pattern was absent for unfamiliar songs and for the control group. 但是，对于不熟悉的歌曲和对照组来说则没有这种模式。 The results are in the journal Scientific Reports. 这项研究结果发表于《科学报告》。 The study does have limitations: it used a small number of songs; 这项研究确实有局限性:只使用了少量歌曲; It was hard to mask the purpose of the study from the participants and the control group ended up being primarily international students from Asia since they had to be unfamiliar with every single song. 很难向参与者掩盖这项研究的目的，而对照组主要是来自亚洲的国际学生，因为他们必须对每首歌都不熟悉。 So their native languages and music backgrounds differed from the experimental group whichwas primarily students from a European background. 因此，他们的母语和音乐背景与实验组的学生(主要来自欧洲)有所不同。 Still for clinicians who want to use music as a therapeutic tool for patients with dementia, for example, this study might provide a few clues: . 例如，对于想用音乐作为治疗手段来治疗痴呆患者的临床医生来说，这项研究可能提供一些线索: "There's a lot of interest in trying to develop so to speak objective measures of music enjoyment of music familiarity. “人们对研发这一-疗法很有兴趣，从而客观地衡量对音乐的熟悉程度带来的愉悦感。 And this sort of paradigm might be useful in this sort of context because it doesn't require the participant to indicate anything. They just listen passively." 在这种情况下，这种范例可能大有裨益，因为它不需要参与者揭示任何东西，他们只是被动地听音乐。” Clinicians simply have to observe the neural fingerprints of hearing that same old song. 临床医生只需观察患者听到同一首老歌时的神经指纹即可。 |
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