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拙政园由官场失意的苏州人王献臣于明正德四年（1509）兴建，据说耗时16年才完工。如今人山人海的“江南第一园林”，在500年前，却是一派舒朗清致，甚至有些朴拙田园的味道，颇合第一代园主失意天下、耕读守拙之意。你若是不想被现在园内如潮的人流、精致的清代家具所扰，不如细赏文徵明的拙政园书画，闭目梦回。 照片作者：黑马王爷（龚平） 2015年2月17日摄于拙政园内西望北寺塔 文徵明在王献臣建园之时曾参与设计，并于1533年依照园中的景物绘制《拙政园三十一景图》，配有诗词，现藏苏州博物馆；1551年，文徵明从《拙政园三十一景图》的三十一景中选择了其中的十二景重绘一册页，即《拙政园图咏》。该册页十二景现存有八景，藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆。文徵明诗、书、画三绝，大都会艺术博物馆还就诗词部分做了翻译。诗歌翻译向来很难还原真味，但博物馆这一举动也不失为西方理解东方艺术的有益尝试。 繁香坞 杂植名花傍草堂，紫蕤丹艳漫成行。 春光烂熳千机锦，淑气熏蒸百和香。 自爱芳菲满怀袖，不叫风露湿衣裳。 高情已在繁华外，静看游蜂上下狂。 繁香坞在若墅堂之前，杂植牡丹、芍药、丹桂、海棠、紫璃诸花。孟宗献诗云：“从君小筑繁香坞。” Various kinds of flowers are planted next to the thatched hall, Purple luxuriance and red beauty in random array. The spring radiance and brilliance embroiders them with a thousand artifices; In the fine air and scented mist a hundred fragrances mix. I love the smells that fill my bosom and sleeves; I do not let the wind and dew wet my clothes. My thoughts fly high beyond the flowery world. Quietly, I watch the bees dance up and down. The Bank of Many Fragrances is in front of the Rustic Hall. It is planted with a mixture of various kinds of peonies, begonias, wisteria, and other flowers. Meng Zongxian (1163 jinshi degree) said in a poem, “Next to your cottage is a bank of many fragrances.” 小沧浪 偶傍沧浪构小亭，依然绿水绕虚楹。 岂无风月供垂钓，亦有儿童唱濯缨。 满地江湖聊寄兴，百年鱼鸟已忘情。 舜钦已矣杜陵远，一段幽踪谁与争。 园有积水，横亘数亩，类苏子美沧浪池，因筑亭其中，曰小沧浪。昔子美自汴都徙吴，君亦还自北都，踪迹相似，故袭其名。 Once a small pavilion was built by the Canglang Pond; The green water still surrounds its empty railings. The wind and moon are always here to delight the fishermen, And boys, too, singing “Wash your cap strings!” Rivers and lakes fill the whole land, enough for my enjoyment; For a hundred years the fish and birds have forgotten themselves. [Su] Shunqin (1008–1048) is dead, Du Ling[Du Fu, 712–770] far away— As paragons of hermits, who can rival them? The garden has several mu of water reservoirs, like Su Zimei’s [Su Shunqin] Canglang Pond [in Suzhou]. So a pavilion was built among them, and called the Little Canglang. Formerly Zimei came from the capital, Bian [modern Kaifeng, Henan Province], to Suzhou. You also returned from the northern capital. The name is taken from your comparable journeys. 钓䂬 白石净无尘，平临野水津。 坐看丝袅袅，静爱玉粼粼。 得意江湖远，忘机鸥鹭驯。 须知演纶者，不是羡鱼人。 钓䂬在意远台下，春明之际，柳阴落花，令人坐恋忘返。 The white stone is clean and dustless, Stretching along a stream of wild water. I sit and watch the line rolling, Taking quiet pleasure in the jade like ripples. I enjoy rivers and lakes, away from the world; Without scheming, I befriend gulls and egrets. You must know that he who casts the fishing line, Is not someone who desires fish. The Fishing Stone is below the Pavilion of Far-reaching Thoughts. At the time of spring brightness, the shade of the willows and the falling flowers make one sit so absorbed as to forget to return. 来禽囿 清阴十亩夏扶疏，正是长林果熟初。 珎重筠笼分赠处，小窗拓得右军书。 来禽囿在沧浪池之南，北杂植林禽数百本，故云。 Here in summer a cool shade spreads over ten mu [of land]. It is time when the fruits begin to ripen on the tall apple trees. Where they are lovingly put into bamboo baskets and given away, I peruse a rubbing of Youjun's [Wang Xizhi, ca. 303-ca. 361] calligraphy by a small window. The Garden of Attracting Birds consists of several hundred apple trees [literally“wood-birds”] planted on the south and north sides of the Canglang Pond. That's how [the name came about].
湘筠坞 种竹绕平冈，冈回竹成坞。 盛夏已惊秋，林深不知午。 中有遗世人，琴樽自容与。 风来酒亦醒，坐听潇湘雨。 湘筠坞在桃花沜之南，槐雨亭北，修竹连亘，境特幽迥。 Bamboos planted around the low mound have grown into a bank circling it. At the height of the summer, I am startled by autumn's approach. So deep is the wood, one cannot tell when it is noon. In its midst is one who has abandoned the world, Enjoying himself with a zither and wine. When a wind stirs, he awakes from inebriation and sits listening to the rain tapping the bamboo leaves. The Bamboo Bank is located south of the Peach-blossom Rill and north of the Pavilion of Resting in Rain. It is planted all around with bamboos and is especially quiet and secluded.
芭蕉槛 新蕉十尺强，得雨净如沐。 不嫌粉堵高，雅称朱栏曲。 秋声入枕凉，晓色分窗绿。 莫教轻剪取，留待阴连屋。 芭蕉槛在槐雨亭之左，更植椶阴，宜为暑月。 The new banana is over ten feet tall; After the rain it is clean as though washed. It does not mind the height of the white wall, but elegantly matches the zigzag red balustrade. Autumn sounds enter my pillow and feel cool; Morning light shines green on the lattice window. Let no one take to the shears heedlessly; Leave it until its shade reaches my house. The Banana Balustrade is to the left of the Pavilion of Resting in Rain. Later, palms were planted to make a suitable shade for the summer months.
玉泉 曾勺香山水，泠然玉一泓。 宁知瑶汉隔，别有玉泉清。 修绠和云汲，沙瓶带月烹。 何须陆鸿渐，一啜自分明。 京师香山有玉泉，君尝勺而甘之，因号玉泉山人。及得泉于园之巽隅，甘冽宜茗，不减玉泉，遂以为名，示不忘也。 Once I ladled water from a spring in the Fragrant Hills, which is cool like a pond of jade. Would you know that as far as Yao is from the Milky Way, There is another clear jade spring? With a long rope, I draw water together with the clouds; In an earthen jar, I boil it with moon inside. What need of Lu Hong jian [Lu Yu, died 804,a famous tea master]? At the first sip you yourself can tell. At Xiangshan in the capital there is a Jade Spring, where the Master used to ladle the water and relish its subtle sweetness. He therefore called himself Yuquan Shanren [Hermit of the Jade Spring]. When he struck a spring in the southeast corner of the garden and found its water no less sweet and suitable for tea than that of the Jade Spring, he adopted the name to show that he would not forget.
槐幄 亭下高槐欲覆墙，气蒸寒翠湿衣裳。 疏花靡靡流芳远，清荫垂垂世泽长。 八月文场怀往事，三公勋业付诸郎。 老来不作南柯梦，犹自移床卧晚凉。 槐幄辛亥秋九月廿日徵明书 Near the pavilion tall locust trees hang over the wall; Mist around the cool green wets my clothes. Sparse flowers are wilting, but their fragrance will endure. The cool shade falls all around, of lasting benefit to the world. During the civil service examinations in the eighth month, the past is recalled; Glorious accomplishment in officialdom is entrusted to the young candidates. Since I became old, I have no longer had such dreams; Alone I move my bed to recline in the cool of the evening. The Locust Tree Enclosure. Written by Zhengming on the twentieth day of the ninth month in the autumn of the xinhai year [October 19, 1551].
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