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既往小样本或回顾研究表明，饮酒量可增加多种癌症风险。不过，饮酒方式对癌症风险的影响尚不明确。 2020年10月11日，英国癌症研究基金会《英国癌症杂志》在线发表澳大利亚国立大学、新南威尔士大学、新南威尔士抗癌协会、悉尼大学的大样本前瞻定群研究报告，分析了饮酒量及其方式对多种癌症风险的影响。 该研究于2006～2009年从澳大利亚联邦医疗保险数据库随机抽取年龄≥45岁的22万6162例新南威尔士州无癌居民进行问卷调查，并与新南威尔士州癌症登记数据库进行关联，随访新诊断的原发癌症病例直至2013年。采用多因素比例风险回归模型，对性别、学历、家庭收入、医疗保险、婚姻状况、出生地、吸烟状况、体重指数、体力活动等其他影响因素进行校正，分析总饮酒量（每周次数）和饮酒方式的各种癌症风险比及其95%置信区间。 结果，中位5.4年期间，新诊断原发癌症病例1万7332例。 每周饮酒量每增加7次：
如果每周饮酒量相同，那么集中于1～3天与4～7天相比，乳腺癌风险显著较高（P=0.049）。 因此，该研究结果表明，饮酒量可以显著增加多种癌症风险，而饮酒方式可能仅仅影响女性乳腺癌风险，故有必要开展进一步研究对中国女性人群进行分析验证。 Br J Cancer. 2020 Oct 11. Online ahead of print. Alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and cancer incidence in an Australian cohort of 226,162 participants aged 45 years and over. Sarich P, Canfell K, Egger S, Banks E, Joshy G, Grogan P, Weber MF. Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. BACKGROUND: Although overall alcohol consumption is known to increase the risk of a number of cancers internationally, evidence for Australia and evidence regarding the pattern of drinking and cancer risk is limited. METHODS: Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer risk in relation to overall alcohol consumption (drinks/week) and pattern of drinking were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regressions for 226,162 participants aged ≥45 years (2006-2009) in the 45 and Up Study, an Australian prospective cohort study. Incident primary cancer cases were ascertained by linkage to the New South Wales Cancer Registry to 2013 by the Centre for Health Record Linkage. RESULTS: Over a median of 5.4 years, 17,332 cancers were diagnosed. Increasing levels of alcohol intake were associated with increased risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (1.19; 1.10-1.29), mouth and pharynx (1.18; 1.08-1.29), oesophagus (1.22; 1.04-1.43), colorectum (1.09; 1.04-1.15), colon (1.13; 1.06-1.20), liver (1.22; 1.04-1.44) and breast (1.11; 1.02-1.21). Breast cancer risk was marginally associated with drinking pattern, with higher risk when intake was concentrated on 1-3 days/week compared to the same amount spread over 4-7 days (Pinteraction=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption confers a significant risk of cancer, and drinking pattern may be independently related to breast cancer risk. PMID: 33041337 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01101-2
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