疫情之下再现财富分化，亿万富豪出自哪些行业？

富豪这个群体，是财富的拥有者。瑞银集团和普华永道联合发布的最新研究揭示了亿万富豪中那些活跃于科技、医疗保健及工业领域的创新者与颠覆者是如何比以往更快速地重塑经济。

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瑞银集团（UBS）和普华永道（PwC）联合发布年度亿万富豪报告——“亿万富豪支持创新时代，推动全球经济重建”。

UBS and PwC published their annual Billionaires Insights report: 'Billionaires set to support a new era of innovation to drive the rebuilding of the global economy. '

最新研究显示，亿万富豪中那些活跃于科技、医疗保健及工业领域的创新者与颠覆者是如何比以往更快速地重塑经济。

The new research reveals how billionaire innovators and disruptors, active in tech, healthcare and industry, are contributing to reshaping the economy at a faster pace than ever before.

在过去的十年中，全球亿万富豪的人数翻了一番，他们的总财富增长超过三倍。到2020年7月，人数已达到2,189名，而2009年底为969人。

Over the past decade, global billionaires have doubled in number and their total wealth has more than tripled. By July 2020, there were 2,189 billionaires, up from 969 at the end of 2009.

截至2020年7月底，亿万富豪财富总额达到10.2万亿美元，攀登至今年资产价格V型反弹后的新高点。

Total billionaire wealth reached USD 10.2 trillion at the end of July 2020, touching a new high after the year’s V-shaped rebound in asset prices.

这一反弹由工业及科技领域的亿万富豪引领。亿万富豪财富总额超过了2017年底创下的8.9万亿美元的峰值。

This recovery was led by billionaires in industrial and technology. This level surpasses the previous peak of USD 8.9 trillion, reached at the end of 2017.

瑞银/普华永道分析框架采用了一种多层次方法来识别“创新者和颠覆者”亿万富豪掌控的公司。

UBS and PwC’s analysis includes a multi-layered approach to identify innovator and disruptor billionaire-controlled companies.

考察的因素包括颠覆性的商业模式、关键技术以及已被证明的新兴技术等。

The factors considered include the adoption of disruptive business models, essential technologies and proven emerging technologies.

大部分科技（94%）和医疗保健（71%）领域的亿万富豪处于创新者和颠覆者之列，当然在更多的传统行业中也不乏他们的身影。

Most tech (94%) and healthcare (71%) billionaires are among these innovators and disruptors, though they can also be found in more traditional industries.

从工业领域来看，报告显示54%的亿万富豪是“创新者和颠覆者”，其中消费零售业为41%。

Within the industrial sector, UBS and PwC identified 54% of billionaires as innovators and disruptors, while consumer & retail has 41%.

瑞银财富管理全球家族办公室主管Josef Stadler表示：“这是经济史上的重要时刻。科学家、计算机程序员和工程师们正在以前所未有的速度革新各个行业，并对全球经济产生深远的影响。

Josef Stadler, Head of the Global Family Office unit at UBS Global Wealth Management, said: “This is a key moment in economic history. Scientists, computer programmers and engineers are revolutionizing industries at a pace never seen before and they are having a profound impact on the whole of the global economy.

“ 从AI到3D打印，从纳米技术到生物科技，科学家和连续创业者正开始应用大量涌现的新兴技术来开发全新的产品和服务。这将会重塑全球经济，并在后新冠疫情时代的世界重建中创造数万甚至数十万个新的就业机会。”

“From AI to 3D printing, from nanotechnology to biotechnology, scientists and serial entrepreneurs are only just beginning to apply and develop radically new products and services that have the potential to reshape the global economy and create tens, or even hundreds of thousands of new jobs as the world rebuilds after COVID-19.”

亚太地区以831人成为全球亿万富豪人数最多的地区。尽管受新冠肺炎疫情影响，中国亿万富豪人数仍持续增长，并创下新纪录达到415人，其中包括145名新上榜者，新增人数为全球最高。

Asia Pacific is the region with the highest number of billionaires (831). The total number of Chinese billionaires increased despite the pandemic to a new record of 415 individuals, including 145 new entrants, the highest globally.

瑞银财富管理中国业务主管吕子杰表示：“疫情和波动的市场并没有阻止中国亿万富豪创造财富的脚步。中国亿万富豪的数量再一次刷新记录，具有正向社会价值的创新者和颠覆者获得了财富效应。”

Marina Lui, Head of Wealth Management China, UBS, commented: 'The pandemic and volatile markets have not stopped China’s billionaires from creating wealth. The number of Chinese billionaires has once again set a new record. Innovators and disruptors with positive social values gain a wealth effect. '

2018年至2020年7月底，中国亿万富豪的财富总额增长71%，达到1.7万亿美元。在中国的亿万富豪中，98%为白手起家（ 在欧洲、中东和非洲地区，白手起家的亿万富豪占到60%，美国为72%）。

Total wealth in China grew between 2018 and end of July 2020 by 71%, to USD 1.7trn. 98% of the billionaire population in China is self-made (compared to 60% in EMEA and 72% in the US). 

在2019年和2020年，中国最主要的财富驱动行业是医疗健康、材料以及娱乐和传媒。在娱乐和传媒行业中，网游是增长趋势最明显的子行业。

In 2019 and 2020, the top wealth driving industries in China were Health Industries, Materials and Entertainment & Media. Specifically, in the last sector it was Online Gaming the sub-sector trending the most.

普华永道中国银行、证券和资管行业管理咨询主管合伙人秦政表示：“新冠肺炎疫情的风暴加速了经济向数字化的转型，利用新兴技术的创新者和颠覆者将会获得更多竞争优势。”

Harry Qin, Consulting leader of China Banking, Securities& Asset Management, PwC, said: “The pandemic has accelerated the digital transformation of the economy, the innovators and disruptors will gain more competitive advantages by using the emerging technologies. ”

报告的其他调查结果：

Other key findings from the report include:

在2018年、2019年和2020年前7个月，被视为创新者和颠覆者的亿万富豪的财富增长17%，达到5.3万亿美元；传统行业亿万富豪的财富仅增长6%，至3.7万亿美元。

In 2018, 2019 and the first seven months of 2020, the billionaires who can be identified as innovators and disruptors grew their wealth by 17% to USD 5.3trn, while traditional billionaires’ wealth increased by a smaller 6% to USD 3.7trn.

从行业角度来看，大多数科技（94%）和医疗保健（71%）行业的亿万富豪都属于创新者和颠覆者。

Looking at this from a sector perspective, most of the technology (94%) and healthcare (71%) billionaires are among these innovators and disruptors.

从地域角度来看，被视为创新者和颠覆者的亚太地区亿万富豪的财富增长23%，达到1.4万亿美元，而传统行业亿万富豪的财富在同一时期小幅增长13%，达到1.2万亿美元。

From a regional perspective, APAC billionaires who can be identified as innovators and disruptors grew their wealth by 23% to USD 1.4trn, while traditional billionaires’ wealth increased by a smaller 13% to 1.2 trillion during the same period.  

亚太地区拥有科技和医疗保健领域亿万富豪的比例最高，达到181 位，占亿万富豪总人数的8%；相比之下，美洲有153人，占7%，欧洲、中东和非洲地区有88人，占4%。

APAC has the highest share of billionaires in technology and healthcare with 181 billionaires (8%) of the total billionaire population against 153 (7%) of the Americas and 88 (4%) of the EMEA.

推动全球经济重建

Driving rebuilding of global economy

研究涉及的1,542位亿万富豪所掌控或部分控制的公司在全球拥有2,770万名雇员。这一数字与英国的劳动人口大致相近。

The 1,542 billionaires analyzed owned or partly owned companies employed over 27.7 million people worldwide – roughly the same as the UK’s working population.

亿万富豪的捐赠额度超出了历史上任何时期。在2020年3月至6月间，209位亿万富豪公开承诺相当于72亿美元的捐赠，来应对疫情。

Billionaires are giving more than at any time in history. Some 209 billionaires have publicly committed a total of USD 7.2bn between March and June 2020 to tackle the pandemic,

考虑到他们一贯的谨慎作风，这一数字可能只是全部捐赠中的一小部分。

though that is likely to be only a fraction of the overall amount, given a tendency towards discretion. 

一些亿万富豪正寻求通过慈善事业、企业和投资等各种活动产生积极的影响力，而不仅仅只关注慈善基金会。

Some innovators are seeking to make a positive impact across all activities – philanthropy, corporate and investment – as opposed to looking solely to a charitable foundation.

在新冠肺炎疫情期间出现财富分化

Diverging fortunes amid the Covid-19 storm

由于2020年前几个月疫情肆虐，仅仅在2月和3月的几周内，亿万富豪的财富就比2019年减少了6.6%。

As the pandemic grew in the first few months of 2020, just a few extraordinary weeks in February and March 2020 caused billionaire wealth to fall 6.6% over 2019，

2020年前4个月，亿万富豪的财富下降5,640亿美元，至8万亿美元。亿万富豪的人数减少43人，至2,058人。

and the first four months of 2020, by USD 564.0 billion, to USD 8.0 trillion.  The number of individual billionaires fell by 43 to 2,058.

与此趋势相反的是，医疗保健行业亿万富豪的财富在此期间增长10.2%。

Bucking this trend, the wealth of healthcare industry billionaires climbed 10.2% over this period.

新技术的快速应用也使科技和工业行业亿万富豪的财富分别增长了0.8%和4.8%。

The rapid application of new technologies also enabled technology and industrials billionaires to grow their wealth by 0.8% and 4.8% respectively.

相比之下，材料和房地产行业的亿万富豪损失最大，反映出大宗商品价格和房地产企业价值的下降。他们的财富总额分别下降17.8%和16.6%。

By contrast, materials and real estate billionaires experienced the biggest losses, reflecting a fall in commodity prices and the value of real estate businesses. Their total wealth fell by 17.8% and 16.6% respectively.

来源：经济日报·外企头条工作室 朱琳