【原】同位语从句的用法大全

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主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

今天接着跟大家分享最后一种名词性从句——同位语从句。

一、何谓“同位语”？

当一个名词（或其它形式）用来限定或说明另一个名词或代词时，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。

同位语与被它修饰的词在格式上要保持一致，而且同位语一般都是紧跟所修饰的词语的。

同位语与所修饰的词语关系紧密时，不用逗号隔开；同位语对其所修饰的词语只作补充解释时，可用逗号隔开。如：

• 1) My sister Mary will visit me tomorrow morning.

• 2) Last Saturday, I met my old friend, James Brown.

第1)句中的Mary就是my sister的同位语，第2)句中的James Brown就是my old friend的同位语，指的都是同一个人。

二、同位语的分类

（一）名词或名词短语作同位语

• Jack, the mayor, will attend the meeting next Friday.

句中的the mayor作Jack的同位语。

• Jerry, our beloved pet dog, has lived with us for eight years.
  

句中的our beloved pet dog作Jerry的同位语。

（二）直接引语作同位语

• Now let's get down to the girl's question, "Who will take over the job?"

句中引号的直接引语就作为question的同位语。

（三）句子作同位语

• I don't believe the fact that she is a spy.

句中的she is a spy作the fact的同位语。

三、何谓“同位语从句”？

当一个句子用来充当某个名词或代词的同位语时，这个句子就是该名词或代词的同位语从句。

同位语从句主要用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。如：

• The idea that we will visit Paris next week excites every one of us.

句中的同位语从句we will visit Paris next week与the idea之间就是主表关系，即同位语从句和它所修饰的成分之间其实可以用系动词连接起来。如：

• The idea is that we will visit Paris next week.

四、同位语从句的引导词

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that、whether、连接代词和连接副词等。

（一）that引导的同位语从句

• They are very excited to hear the news that they have won the game.

• The fact that he stole the money yesterday shocks us all.

【注意】

1、当同位语从句所修饰的名词为表建议、命令、要求等的时，同位语从句的谓语动词呀采用“should+do”的虚拟语气形式。其中，should可以省略。如

• They were faced with the demand that this tax (should) be abolished.

• They expressed the wish that he (should) leave the country as soon as possible.

2、引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 如：

• He picked up his luggage and gave the impression he was boarding the waiting train.

句中的impression后面就省略了that。

（二）whether引导的同位语从句

当whether用来引导同位语从句时，其所修饰的名词往往是表问题或疑惑的名词。如：

• There is some doubt whether he will come.

• The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.

注意：if不能引导同位语从句。

（三）连接代词引导的同位语从句

常用来引导同位语从句的连接代词有what、who、whom、whose、which等。如：

• I'm wondering the puzzle who has taken away my umbrella.

• He has no idea what time he should leave tomorrow.

（四）连接副词引导的同位语从句

常用来引导同位语从句的连接副词有when、where、why、how及其-ever结构。如：

• She has no idea when the plane will arrive.

• It is a question how he managed to solve the mystery.

• He had no idea why she had left without saying goodbye to anyone.

五、同位语从句的分隔

有时同位语从句会与其所修饰的名词分开。 如：

• The story goes that she has won the race many times.

• The rumour spread that a new governor would be appointed here.

• Report has it that many citizens died in the earthquake last night.

• The order soon came that all soldiers (should) retreat under no circumstances.

由以上例句可以看出，当同位语从句与其所修饰的名词分开时，往往是因为这个名词是主句的主语，其后紧跟的是主句的谓语动词。