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－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 过年时得互相串门介绍近况是吧？我们也是时候介绍下自己的“另一半”了。 熟悉我们的朋友大概早就知道了，除了推广英国和以意大利为主的欧陆文化之旅，我们也介绍中国文化给老外。这两边的工作都差不多，写介绍文章、策划文化主题的旅行。 我们努力把网站做成全世界了解中国最全最详细的英文网站，实际上现在也快接近目标了，因为我们文章涉及的广度和深度都很大，比如说有各种文化类别： 比如说有中国少数民族介绍： 还有历史介绍： 2018年我们组织五个文化之旅，都是围绕着某一历史主题设计的，并辅以美景与人文艺术： 今年我们第一次参加伦敦的旅行展会，一下就参加了俩。展会前我们已经有心理准备，知道英国人对中国的了解、就同中国人对英国的了解程度一样——大多数人基本没什么了解，然而还是高估了群众，很多人看到我们的海报后，无法相信这些地方都是在中国！居然如此多种多样，包罗万象。 对中国文化感兴趣的朋友非常非常多，几天下来我们都快讲不出话来了，但是异常兴奋，巴不得将自己知道的全部介绍给他们。 争取到一个做讲座的机会，我们特意选了中国少数民族这个题目，想凭视角奇特以求被选上。后来感觉其实不用如此“新奇”大概也能入选，毕竟我们是第一家在这个展会上讲中国文化的。 讲座效果很不错，很多人是先知道有这个讲座后专门来看的，让我们很感动。 这也是我们终于决定今年参展的原因，该展会（Adventure Travel Show ）我每年都会做为个人来逛一下，给自己选一些好玩的旅行项目。这算是英国最大的主题旅行展会了（我们参加的第二个展会主要是关于普通旅行），每年都会有很多人从英国各地赶来，也有很多其它国家的，展商也是来自世界各地。但做中国旅行的只有一家大公司（今年还没来，于是我们成为唯一一家），也没见他们做过讲座，更没见许多人围着他们的展位。我一直很疑惑，我们这么大一个国家，如此多的文化和风景，不该会这样冷清啊。 今年，我们为国争光了。原来不是英国人民不感兴趣，是没有渠道啊。就像我们一开始做英国文化之旅时，接待的很多朋友都是一种“终于找到你”的感觉。 当然，这个任务有些重，我们也没想全放到肩上；用我们最大的能力，能做多少算多少。 最后我想问的是，大家愿意在我们的微信号看英文文章吗？如果愿意，我可以每周转一篇我们网站的文章过来，直到——发现没人看或者被抄袭为止...... 今天先转一篇短的，看看能吸引到多少兴趣： Yaodong (Loess Cave House)The yaodongs of northern China represent the ultimate mingling between natural beauty and manmade ingenuity. Stretching across the Loess Plateau within the provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Henan, they have been an integral feature of the landscape for over 4,500 years. Their name literally translates to mean “kiln cave” and is a reference to their arched interior, which supposedly resembles the inside of a kiln. While the name may sound rather fiery, yaodongs are renowned for being pleasantly cool during summer and comfortably warm during winter. Nowadays, it is estimated that more than 40 million people continue to live in yaodongs. To put that into perspective, that’s nearly four times the population of Belgium! The first yaodongs were said to have been built during the Xia Dynasty (c. 2100-1600 BC) and were even mentioned in the Book of Songs, a collection of Chinese poems that were written from the 10th to the 7th centuries BC. During the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), these yaodongs become much more elaborate, with inhabitants installing chimneys, functioning kitchens, and heated brick beds known as kangs. The Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties saw even further progress as these humble cave houses evolved from single room retreats to fully fledged homes with separate living quarters, livestock stalls, and even defensive walls. By the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) dynasties, their popularity had reached its peak and they were built widely throughout northern China. The prevalence of yaodongs in northern China is usually attributed to their efficient design and cheapness to build. The loess soil from which they are constructed is abundant in the Loess Plateau and acts as an exceptionally effective insulator of heat, meaning inhabitants of yaodongs don’t need to spend extra money or effort heating their homes during the cold winters. In terms of style, they can be roughly separated into three different types: loess cliff houses; hole-courtyards; and “updated” brick houses. The ingenious loess cave houses are the simplest of the three and are dug directly into the loess cliffs that line the deep valleys of the Loess Plateau.
The hole-courtyards are more complex, revolving around an excavated courtyard about 5 to 8 metres (16 to 26 ft.) deep that has been dug into the Loess Plateau itself. For this reason, they are sometimes called “yaodong wells” or “sunken courtyards”. The walls of this courtyard are then carved out to form rooms, much like the simpler loess cave houses. Fortunately for the inhabitants of these “yaodong wells”, it does not rain very often on the Loess Plateau, so there’s no risk of their home being turned into a swimming pool!
The newer tradition of “updated” brick houses are built partially or wholly above ground and outdoors, with an arched structure that is inspired by the original yaodongs. Although their roofs are covered with loess soil, they are stand-alone structures made of stone or brick and typically have elaborate designs carved into their façades. No matter the type, each yaodong usually consists of 3 to 5 carved out rooms, which are generally about 7 to 8 metres (23 to 26 ft.) long, 3 metres (10 ft.) wide, and 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 ft.) high. After all, size doesn’t matter when you have a home this cosy!
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