分享

一起来历劫 | 四六级 Day 23

 英语共读 2020-12-04

 -Friday- 

对话框回复“早安”或者“morning",获取清晨元气满满的英文金句

有书英语共读发起“四六级历劫”计划

三个月带你飞升上神!

真题再现

原文阅读节选:

I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. 

I call this a "fixed mind-set(思维模式)." Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. 

The mastery-orient children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏).

(本文节选于2016年6月英语四级考试真题)

单词

intelligence

[ɪn'telɪdʒ(ə)ns]  [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns]

n. 智力;情报工作;情报机关;理解力;才智,智慧;天分

characteristic

[kærəktə'rɪstɪk]  [,kærəktə'rɪstɪk]

adj. 典型的;特有的;表示特性的

n. 特征;特性;特色

mind-set

['maɪn(d)set]  ['maɪndsɛt]

n. 心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态

crack

[kræk]   [kræk]

vt. 使破裂;打开;变声

vi. 破裂;爆裂

n. 裂缝;声变;噼啪声

self-confidence

['self'kɔnfidəns]

n. 自信,自信心

attribute

[ə'trɪbjuːt]  [ə'trɪbjut]

n. 属性;特质

vt. 归属;把…归于

energize

['enədʒaɪz]  ['ɛnɚdʒaɪz]

vt. 激励;使活跃;供给…能量

vi. 活动;用力

intimidating

[ɪn'tɪmɪdeɪtɪŋ] [ɪn'tɪmɪdetɪŋ]

adj. 吓人的;令人紧张不安的;令人胆怯的

词组

make mistakes

犯错,出错

attribute to

多亏;把(某事物)归因于(或归功于);认为是…的结果

rather than

不是…而是…;与其说…不如说…

阅读原文解析

我意识到,这些不同类型的学生不仅对失败的解释不同,对智力也持有不同的“理论”。无助性的学生认为,智力具有固定的特质:聪明程度是多少,就是多少。

我把这称之为“固定思维模式”。错误击垮了他们的自信心,因为他们把错误归因于能力不足,并且对此感觉无力改变。他们躲避挑战,因为挑战更有可能犯错。

而与之相反,进取型学生认为,智力不是一成不变的,教育和学习可以提升离职。这样的学生认为,挑战能激发活力,而非令人生畏。

阅读练习

选出与本文相关的一项:

A) After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

B) Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

C) People with a fixed mind-set believe that one's intelligence is unchangeable.

翻译练习

中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习,以至于不让他们帮忙做家务。

重难点解析

1. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence.

我意识到,这些不同类型的学生不仅对失败的解释不同,对智力也持有不同的“理论”。

解析:

(1)type,kind的区别。比较起来,kind 用的比较多。

1)kind 指性质相同,且极相似之物质,在分类中可作为一类者。

例如:

What kind of cake do you like best?

你最喜欢哪一种饼?

2)type 则指型,类型,比较具体、肯定等,而kind比较笼统,模糊。

例如:

Men of his type are not to be trusted.

像他那种类型的人不可信赖。

(2)not only…but also…

1)其中的also通常可以省略,或换成too, as well(要置于句末)。

例如:

He not only washed the car, but polished it too [as well].

他不仅冲洗汽车,而且还擦拭了它。

2)有时甚至连 but also 一并省略掉。

例如:

Justice must not only be done; it must be seen to be done.

正义不但必须伸张,而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张。

3)为了强调,可将not only置于句首,此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。

例如:

Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work.

她不仅仅迟到了3次,她还没干一点活。

2. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that.

无助性的学生认为,智力具有固定不变的特质:智力有多高,就是多高。

解析:fixed 其它搭配

(1)fixed ideas/opinions

固执的想法/看法〔常含贬义〕

(2)[+ about/on]

He has very fixed ideas about how a wife should behave.

对于为人妻者的行为准则,他有一套顽固的主张。

3. I call this a "fixed mind-set(思维模式)". Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change.

我把这称之为“固定思维模式”。错误击垮了他们的自信心,因为他们把错误归因于能力不足,并且对此感觉无力改变。

解析:

attribute to意为“归因于,认为是……的结果”;常用作表语或状语。

例如:

Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living.  

杜德先生把自己的健康体魄归功于审慎的生活方式.

4. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely.

他们躲避挑战,因为挑战更有可能犯错。

词语辨析:possible, probable, likely

possible 的可能性最小, 指客观上有可能,往往含有 “希望很小”的意味。

probable 可能性最大,表示“很可能,十有八九”。 

likely 表示外表迹象表明的有可能。

5. The mastery-orient children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏).

而与之相反,进取型学生认为,智力不是一成不变的,教育和学习可以提升离职。这样的学生认为,挑战能激发活力,而非令人生畏。 

解析:大家经常误以为“on the one hand”和“on the other hand”之间有递进或者并列的关系。事实上,这一对短语一般是用于提出两个相反的事物和看法introduce two contrasting points, facts, or ways of looking at something)。

例如:

On the one hand, if the body doesn't have enough cholesterol, we would not be able to survive. On the other hand, if the body has too much cholesterol, the excess begins to harden the arteries.

从一方面讲,如果身体没有足够的胆固醇,我们不可能生存。从另外一方面讲,如果身体的胆固醇过高,血管可能硬化。

    转藏 分享 献花(0

    0条评论

    发表

    请遵守用户 评论公约

    类似文章 更多