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1 导读
有兴趣的可以看看上次这篇 关于性骚扰的文章“An open secret” 2 音乐| 精读 | 翻译 | 词组 The year of Hurricane Harvey 哈维飓风年 本文英文部分选自经济学人Leaders版块 The year of Hurricane Harvey 哈维“飓风”年 （此处双关，既指八月份的哈维飓风，又指制片人哈维·韦恩斯坦性骚扰丑闻） Accusations of harassment have felled some powerful men 部分权势人物因性骚扰指控倒台 But will that lead to a permanent change in behaviour? 但（性骚扰）行为会因此而永久性改变吗？ FOR those who care about a woman’s right to lead her life unmolested, 2017 began badly. A man accused of groping several women took office in the White House. (Donald Trump dismissed the allegations—as well as a tape of him boasting about his behaviour, which he called mere “locker-room talk”.) 女性拥有不应被侵犯的权利——对于在乎这一点的人而言，2017年开年不利。一个曾被指控猥亵侮辱数名女性的男人在白宫走马上任(特朗普对这些指控置之不理，而一则关于他吹嘘自己行为（可以对女性“为所欲为”）的视频，他却说这只是一种更衣室的玩笑话。) 【视频曝光】 美国《华盛顿邮报》7日曝光这则录制于2005年9月的视频。当时，特朗普身处一辆巴士上，在节目正式录制前正与“走进好莱坞”访谈节目主持人比利·布什聊天。 在这则时长大约3分钟的视频中，特朗普向布什描述，他可以对女性上下其手，“我是个名人，她们会允许我这样做”。接着，特朗普露骨地描述触摸女性隐私部位等举动，“我可以为所欲为”。 在谈及试图与一名已婚女性发生关系时，特朗普说，“我对她展开攻势，但是失败了，这我承认。”视频中，一个声音回应道，“哇！” “我对她展开攻势，就像对待婊子一样，但是没能成功。她是个有夫之妇，”特朗普说。特朗普又谈及即将会面的另一位女演员，“我最好嚼点嘀嗒糖（类似口香糖），万一我开始亲吻她呢！”《华盛顿邮报》报道，录制视频时，特朗普已经与第三任妻子梅拉尼娅结婚。 The year is ending somewhat better. In October Harvey Weinstein, a film producer, was accused of having spent decades harassing and assaulting actresses, and using his exalted position in Hollywood to intimidate and silence anyone who got in his way. He was forced out of the firm he co-founded and is being investigated by police. Further accusations against other powerful men followed, spreading beyond Hollywood into politics, journalism and the tech industry. Dozens were sacked or stepped down. Millions of women were inspired to share their own experience of harassment, using the hashtags #MeToo, #YoTambien, #BalanceTonPorc and so on. In a fitting end to a year of comeuppances, Roy Moore, who is accused of harassment and assault by several women, including one who was 14 at the time, became the first Republican to be defeated in a Senate race in Alabama since 1992. 然而2017年末情况稍有改观。十月，电影制片人哈维·韦恩斯坦被指控数十年来骚扰并侵犯众多女演员，并利用其在好莱坞的威望来威胁和压制挡路人。他被迫从他联合创建的公司离职，现正接受警察调查。更多针对权势的调查随之而来，从好莱坞波及政治、新闻以及科技产业领域。数十人被解雇或者被迫离职。数百万女性受到鼓舞，纷纷使用标签#Metoo，#YoTambien(西班牙语:我也是)，#BalanceTonPorc(法国的'揭发那头猪'活动)等，分享自己遭受性骚扰的经历。正值这报应连连的一年快要圆满结束的日子里，罗伊摩尔（Roy Moore）被数名女性指控性骚扰，其中包括一名事发时只有14岁的女孩。他也因此成为1992年来首个在阿拉巴马州的参议院选举中败落的共和党人。 #MeToo drew attention to a facet of women’s lives to which men had been comfortably oblivious. It showed how common harassment is, and how harmful to women’s careers. But the lesson from big social changes in the past is that more needs to happen if 2017 is to mark a permanent shift behaviour. Even now, Hurricane Harvey could blow itself out and women at work once again be assailed by all the old abuses. #Metoo标签吸引了公众对女性生活关注，这一侧面正是从前被许多男性安之若素甚至视而不见的。这显示了骚扰在生活中如此之常见，以及对女性职业的危害如此之大。但从过去社会重大变革中吸取的教训表明，想要把2017作为永久改变性骚扰行为标志性一年，还任重而道远。即使现在，飓风哈维也能把人们改变的热情吹灭，使工作岗位上的女性再一次陷入过去的困扰（性骚扰）。 Winds of change 改变之风 If history is a guide, a new social norm takes root when a series of smaller changes prepare the ground (see article). First an event galvanises a group of evangelists to throw light on an injustice that is acknowledged only in the shadows—the extent of domestic abuse, say, or the fact that gay people are accused of threatening public morals when they lead perfectly ordinary lives. Sometimes new attitudes bring about a change in the law, as with the introduction of Prohibition and the reform of civil rights in America. But the new law will stick only so long as large parts of the population embrace it. Prohibition failed because too few Americans agreed that all drinking was debauched. People also need to see that transgressions are punished—either directly by the police, or, more often, by the mass of bystanders who choose to act either as enforcers or enablers. Most countries where female genital mutilation is common have laws against it. They are simply not enforced. 如果以史为鉴，在一系列小的改变奠定基础以后（见文章），一种新的社会规范才会生根发芽。首先，一个事件激发一群传道者，让他们揭露这种不公正现象，这些都只存在暗处，正如家暴程度，或者同性恋如普通情侣般正常生活时被控告有伤风化。有时候，社会新声会带来法律上的变化，例如美国禁酒令颁布以及民权改革。但只有大多数人口接受，新的法律才能长久。禁酒令就是因为没多少美国人认为喝酒有伤风化。人们同样需要明白违法必究---也许是由警察直接出手，亦或是更多情况下，由旁观者充当实施人或促成人，令违法行径得到惩处。在很多国家，女性割礼是法律所禁止的，实际上却屡禁不止。这就是典型的执法不严。 Prepare the ground： To create or prepare the basics or essential foundation (for something); to pave the way (forsomething). Cast/shed/throw light on： To reveal information or details about something; to clarify or help people understand something. The signs are that the #MeToo movement has reached a delicate stage. The buffeting of the past few months has certainly been cathartic. It has also brought abusers in a bewildering range of industries kicking and screaming into the open. But the novelty of seeing famous men brought down will soon fade. Before that happens, both men and women need to come to a shared understanding of what sexual harassment is and what to do about it. If too many of them conclude that complaints are being exaggerated or exploited, they will not step in to stop backsliders. Minor transgressions will be allowed to carry on. That will make it more likely that rape and sexual assault go unpunished, too. 种种迹象表明，“MeToo”运动的势头已经减弱。过去几个月所引起的巨大反响无疑也是人们情感上的宣泄。涉事的违法人员来自各行各业，不禁让人感觉眼花缭乱。这场运动将这些过街老鼠公之于众，尽管他们百般抗拒。但是，这种将名人绳之以法的新鲜感也在逐渐褪去。因此，所有人都必须抓紧时间达成共识，明确性骚扰的定义以及处理的方式。如果多数人认为受害人只是在夸大自己的经历，那么最后无耻之徒将肆无忌惮，继续作恶。看似微不足道的越界行为（性骚扰）则继续发生，并且照这个趋势往下发展，强奸和性侵最终将有可能免受惩罚。 Start with what counts as harassment. Most people can see the harm in a man trading a promotion for sex, in sexual assault or in crude groping. The divisions start with unwanted propositions, leering, sexualised put-downs and the like, particularly by a man who is in a powerful position. What men try to laugh off as a compliment, or a joke, often feels like humiliation or bullying to women—and may well be intended as such. Accusations can cast a shadow over someone’s reputation, so the lack of clarity over what is appropriate and what is not can be unsettling. Men and women may wonder how they are supposed to know whether a flirtation will be welcomed or will be the prelude to a career-threatening exposure. A lack of due process only adds to the uncertainty. 首先说说哪些行为算性骚扰。例如男上司以升职为条件要求女下属跟其发生性行为，再如性侵犯或者对女性上下其手，凡此种种所带来的危害都被大多数人看在眼里。尤其是位居权势的男性常发生此类事件，他们会先强迫女性接受自己所开出的条件，接着便色迷迷地盯着女方看，还用粗言秽语侮辱对方。 男性一般会对自己说过的话一笑置之，认为自己是在称赞对方，或者只是开开玩笑，而无论其是否有意为之，通常这些话语都被视为对女性的侮辱或欺凌。一经指控，骚扰者的名誉会受损，所以，对错之间的界定如果不能够明确，则将引起人们的不安。无论男女，每个人都有这样的困惑，即如何才能确定自己偶然的调情是为对方所接受的，且不至于遭到危及工作的曝光和指控。该有的判断程序一旦缺失， 界定上的不确定性只会越来越多。 Despite this absence of agreement, the evidence suggests that even less serious harassment causes harm. A study published in May, which followed the careers of a cohort of women in Minnesota, found that 11% had been harassed in some way in a single year. The victims went on to earn less than other women; of those who had been verbally abused repeatedly or physically touched at least once, 79% left the company within two years. That is not only wrong—in the way that all bullying is wrong—but also a waste of valuable talent. 虽然人们尚未就“性骚扰”的定义达成共识，但经验告诉我们即便是轻微的骚扰也会造成伤害。在追踪了明尼苏达州大批职业女性的现状后，一份研究报告于五月份公布，这项研究表明该州11%的女职员在一年中均曾遭受不同程度的骚扰。未屈从的受害者们继而拿着低于应有水平的薪资；那些反复遭受言语侮辱并且至少一次经历肢体骚扰的女员工，选择在2年内辞职的人数高达79%。性骚扰错的不止一点，除了侮辱他人造成危害外，在某种程度上，更对人才资源造成了十足的浪费。 Once there is a consensus about what is wrong and why, the new norms must be enforced. This is unlikely to involve a change in the law. Rape and sexual assault are already illegal; discrimination and bullying at work are subject to employment law. What needs to change is the tacit complicity of managers and staff. HR departments often defend the boss—especially if he is seen as a rainmaker, as Mr Weinstein was. Managers want to keep their star employees, even if they are toxic, because they appear to do so much for the team. 一旦人们就孰是孰非达成共识，我们务必要执行制定的新规范，但这个新规范不太可能引起法律的变动。法律业已规定强奸和性骚扰是违法行为；劳工法则针对工作歧视和欺凌行为作出规定。需要改变的是员工和管理人员之间的沆瀣一气。人事部门经常会维护老板，尤其是碰到像韦恩斯坦先生这样绩效显著的上司时。从上层角度考虑，即便明星员工自成一害，经理也希望能够留下他们，他们显然能够为团队带来更多的好处。 Those may turn out to be false economies—certainly, they were with Mr Weinstein, who brought about the collapse of his firm. When you tot up the costs of all the women who leave, never join or work less well, the harassing star may not be so valuable after all. 这样做其实并不经济——当然跟那位韦恩斯坦比起来，其他人对其公司的危害是小了一些。但因此造成女员工们有的辞职，有的不再进公司，也有的消极怠工，一笔账算下来，骚扰女性的明星员工也许并不那么有价值了。 A new agenda 新的议题 To change behaviour, the new standards must be enforced. Women who make complaints should not be brushed off, bullied into dropping them or gagged by settlements with non-disclosure clauses—one idea is that firms should be obliged to tell investors how many such agreements they have made. The entertainment industry, which appears so far to be an arch-offender, needs to reflect hard about whether that is related to the lack of women producers and directors. 必须执行新的标准来改变这种行为。有人提议，投资人应有强制知情权，监管公司曾做出多少份协议，迫使勇于发声的女性扫地出门，亦或停止投诉，封口缄默。作为众矢之的的娱乐业，亟待反省其女性制作人和导演的稀缺是否也与这一现象有关。 Ultimately, however, much of the task will fall to peers. Men need to be alert and to step in where necessary. Women need to stand up for each other. Too many people have been blind to a problem hidden in plain sight. But Hurricane Harvey has raged through 2017 and ignorance is no longer an excuse. 最后，我们同时代的人承担着艰巨的任务。男性要警惕并在需要的时候挺身而出，女性则需要彼此支持。有太多的人对藏在眼皮子底下的问题视而不见，但哈维风暴席卷了整个2017年，无知将不再是一个借口。 翻译组： Grace，女，卫生民工，经济学人粉丝 Wesley，男，自由职业，经济学人铁粉 Sybil，女，英专大四在读，Catti三级 Cyrus，男， 口译民工，经济学人爱好者 Aileen，女，大四数学狗 经济学人粉丝 校核组： Samantha，女，外企低管，语言爱好者 Swallow，女，英专研究生，经济学人粉丝 3 观点 |评论|思考 本次观点由Cece同学完成 Cece，女，消防工作者，CATTI三笔 人们常说，黎明前的黑暗是最黑的。 长久的沉默，让大家都以为被骚扰女性将继续沉默下去，但是，哈维事件成为了导火索，也像压在骆驼身上的最后一根稻草，迅速掀起了一阵反抗和揭发的热潮，这不是单单因为事情的严重性，而是因为人们心中的愤怒已经积压的太久太深。 这次事件确实引发了人们的思考，但是更多的，还是因为涉及的行业面广，涉及的名人很多，才吸引了人们新鲜的眼球。如何能够真正引起人们的重视，端正男性和女性对骚扰事件的认识，值得我们进一步深思。 对于女性骚扰事件，我认为，一方面要端正人们和社会对骚扰事件的认识，男性不应该将此作为炫耀的资本，女性也不应当包庇或者不齿说出口，另一方面，要在法律和规范方面，细化对此类事件的界定，对骚扰事件的定义，骚扰事件的不良影响，怎样处理。 如果这次事件真的能够引发上面的变革，那么才能真正改变现状，迎来新的春天。 4 愿景 小组 小编理工男，建筑底层民工，经济学人铁粉，和小伙伴(经济学人小群不超过8个人）看经济学人到现在已经将近500多天。现有一经济学人大群,如果您也有兴趣，可加入我们学习小组，群规甚严，请三思后而入群，WeChat : foxwulihua |
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