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1．分泌蛋白的合成与分泌 20世纪70年代，科学家詹姆森等在豚鼠的胰腺细胞中注射3H标记的亮氨酸。3min后被标记的亮氨酸出现在附有核糖体的内质网中；17min后，出现在高尔基体中；117min后，出现在靠近细胞膜内侧的囊泡中及释放到细胞外的分泌物中。由此发现了分泌蛋白的合成与分泌途径：核糖体→内质网→高尔基体→囊泡→细胞膜→外排。 2．光合作用中有机物的生成 20世纪40年代美国生物学家卡尔文等把单细胞的小球藻短暂暴露在含14C的CO2里，然后把细胞磨碎，分析14C出现在哪些化合物中。经过10年努力终于探索出了光合作用的“三碳途径”——卡尔文循环。为此，卡尔文荣获“诺贝尔奖”。 3．噬菌体侵染细菌的实验 1952年，赫尔希和蔡斯以T2噬菌体为实验材料，用35S、32P分别标记噬菌体的蛋白质外壳和DNA，再让被35S、32P分别标记的两种噬菌体去侵染大肠杆菌，经离心处理后，分析放射性物质的存在场所。此实验有力证明了DNA是遗传物质。 4．基因工程 在目的基因的检测与鉴定中，采用了DNA分子杂交技术（如32P）。将转基因生物的基因组DNA提取出来，在含有目的基因的DNA片段上用放射性同位素作标记，以此为探针使之与基因组DNA杂交，如果显示出杂交带，就表明目的基因已导入受体细胞中。 另外，还可采用同样方法检测目的基因是否转录出了mRNA，不同的是从转基因生物中提取的是mRNA。 5．基因诊断 基因诊断是用放射性同位素（如32P）、荧光分子等标记的DNA分子作探针，依据DNA分子杂交原理，鉴定被检测样本上的遗传信息，从而达到检测疾病的目的。 示踪原子不仅用于科学研究，还用于疾病的诊断和治疗。例如，射线能破坏甲状腺细胞，使甲状腺肿大得到缓解。因此，碘的放射性同位素就可用于治疗甲状腺肿大。 cas号 中文名称 英文名称 74223-64-6UN甲磺隆-D3Metsulfuron-methyl-d3 217487-17-7异丙隆-D6Isoproturon-d6 3811-25-4UN氯丙那林-D7Clorprenaline-d7 1794810-59-5盐酸班布特罗-D9Bambuterol-d9hydrochloride 苯乙醇胺A-D3PhenylethanolamineA-d3 1276197-17-1盐酸莱克多巴胺-D6Ractopamine-d6hydrochloride 184006-60-8盐酸克伦特罗-D9Clenbuterol-d9hydrochloride 1346601-00-0羟甲基克仑特罗-D6Hydroxymethylclenbuterol-d6 1173021-09-4克伦丙罗-D7Clenproperol-d7 1325559-18-9盐酸马喷特罗-D11Mapenterolhydrochloride-d11 1219794-72-5盐酸莱克多巴胺-D3Ractopamine-d3hydrochloride 1346599-61-8克伦塞罗-D10Clencyclohexerol-d10 1353940-55-2溴布特罗-D9Brombuterol-d9 1346605-01-3盐酸喷布特罗-D9Penbutolol-d9hydrobromide 1325559-14-5盐酸妥布特罗-D9Tulobuterol-d9hydrochloride 1246819-04-4西布特罗-D9Cimbuterol-d9 1794793-20-6克仑潘特盐酸盐D5Clenpenterold5hydrochloride 497063-94-2沙美特罗-D3Salmeterol-d3 1346599-83-4可尔特罗代谢物-D93-o-methylcolterol-d9 1246819-58-8马布特罗-D9Mabuterol-d9 1353867-94-3盐酸溴布特罗-D9Brombuterol-d9hydrochloride 1173021-73-2沙丁醇胺-D9Racalbuterol-d9 97825-25-7UN莱克多巴胺盐酸盐-D5Ractopamine-d5hydrochloride 18559-94-9UN沙丁胺醇-D4Albuterol-d4 1217818-36-4齐帕特罗-D7Zilpaterol-d7 1228182-44-2西马特罗D7Cimaterol-d7 1219798-60-3沙丁胺醇-D3Salbutamol-d3 1286129-04-1盐酸非诺特罗-D6Fenoterol-d6hydrobromide 203633-19-6多巴胺盐酸盐-D4Dopamine-d4hydrochloride 129138-58-5克伦特罗-D9Clenbuterol-d9 1189658-09-0特布他林-D9Terbutaline-d9 1217226-46-4呋喃妥因-13C3Nitrofurantoin-13c3 1015855-64-7呋喃它酮-D5Furaltadone-d5 1217222-76-8呋喃唑酮-D4Furazolidone-d4 1217220-85-3呋喃西林-13C,15N2Nitrofurazone-13C,15N2 957509-31-8呋喃妥因代谢物-13C3AHD-13C3 1007476-86-9呋喃妥因代谢物衍生物-13C32-NP-AHD-13C3 1017793-94-0呋喃它酮代谢物-D5AMOZ-d5 1173097-59-0呋喃它酮代谢物衍生物-D52-NP-AMOZ-d5 1188331-23-8呋喃唑酮代谢物-D4AOZ-d4 1007478-57-0呋喃唑酮代谢物衍生物-D42-NP-AOZ-d4 1173020-16-0呋喃西林代谢物-13C,15N2SCA-HCL-13C,15N2 957509-32-9呋喃西林代谢物衍生物-13C,15N22-NP-SCA-13C,15N2 1258668-21-1孔雀石绿-D5苦味酸盐Malachitegreen-d5picrate 1173021-13-0隐色孔雀石绿-D6Leucomalachitegreen-d6 1266676-01-0结晶紫-D6Crystalviolet-d6 1173023-92-1隐色结晶紫-D6Leucocrystalviolet-d6 947601-82-3隐性孔雀石绿-D5Leucomalachitegreen-d5 1189863-86-2磺胺吡啶-D4Sulfapyridine-d4 1020719-78-1磺胺嘧啶-D4Sulfadiazine-d4 1020719-84-9磺胺甲基嘧啶-D4Sulfamerazined4 1020719-82-7磺胺二甲基嘧啶-D4Sulfamethazine-d4 1330266-05-1磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶-D4Sulfadoxine-d4 1020719-80-5磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶-D4Sulfadimethoxine-d4 1286538-12-2磺胺间甲氧基嘧啶-D4Sulfamonomethoxine-d4 1189483-96-2磺胺对甲氧嘧啶-D4Sulfameter-d4 1020719-89-4磺胺噻唑-D4Sulfathiazole-d4 526-08-9UN磺胺苯吡唑-D4Sulfaphenazole-d4 1215530-54-3乙酰磺胺甲恶唑-D4Acetylsulfamethoxazole-d4 1020719-86-1磺胺甲基异噁唑-D4Sulfamethoxazole-d4 1329652-02-9磺胺喹恶啉-D4Sulfaquinoxaline-d4 102-65-8UN磺胺氯吡嗪-D4Sulfachloropyrazine-d4 80-32-0UN磺胺氯哒嗪-D4Sulfachloropyridazine-d4 80-35-3UN磺胺甲氧哒嗪-D4Sulfamethoxypyridazine-d4 144-80-9UN磺胺醋酰D4Sulfacetamide-d4 144-82-1UN磺胺甲噻二唑-D4Sulfamethizole-d4 963-14-4UN磺胺乙氧嗪-D4Sulfaethoxypyridazine-d4 515-64-0磺胺二甲异嘧啶-D4Sulfisomidine-d4 63-74-1UN磺胺-D4Sulfanilamide-d4 1388717-81-4磺胺二甲恶唑-D4Sulfisoxazole-d4 127-71-9UN磺胺苯甲酰-D4Sulfabenzamide-d4 1794753-46-0磺胺硝苯-D4Sulfanitran-d4 93951-89-4邻苯二甲酸二甲酯-3,4,5,6-D4（Dmp）Dimethylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 93952-12-6邻苯二甲酸二乙酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dep)Diethylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 358730-88-8邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dibp)Diisobutylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 93952-11-5邻苯二甲酸二丁酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dbp)Dibutylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1015854-55-3邻苯二甲酸二己酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dhxp)Dihexylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 358730-89-9邻苯二甲酸二戊酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dpp)Dipentylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 93951-88-3邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Bbp)Benzylbutylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1398065-61-6邻苯二甲酸二苯酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dphp)Diphenylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1202865-43-7邻苯二甲酸二壬酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dnp)Dinonylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 93952-13-7邻苯二甲酸二辛酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dnop)Dioctylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1398065-96-7邻苯二甲酸二(2-丁氧基乙基)酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dbep)Bis(2-butoxyethyl)phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1398065-54-7邻苯二甲酸二（2-甲氧基）乙酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dmep)Bis(2-methoxyethyl)phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1398066-13-1邻苯二甲酸二（4-甲基-2-戊基）酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Bmpp)Bis(4-methyl-2-pentyl)phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1398066-12-0邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙氧基）乙酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Deep)Bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 358731-25-6邻苯二甲酸二环己酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dchp)Dicyclohexylphthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 93951-87-2邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯-3,4,5,6-D4(Dehp)Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 1173020-20-61,3-二氯-2-丙醇-D5（1,3-Dcp）1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol-d5 342611-01-23-氯-1,2-丙二醇-D5（3-Mcpd）3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol 1216764-05-42-氯-1,3-丙二醇-D5（2-Mcpd）2-Chloro-1,3-propanediol 73962-07-9氨基甲酸乙酯-D5Ethyl-d5carbamate 752211-63-5苏丹红I-D5SudanI-d5 1398109-09-5苏丹红G-D3SudanredG-d3 1014689-17-8苏丹红Ⅲ-D6SudanⅢ-d6 1398109-08-4二甲基黄-D5Dimethylyellow-d5 362049-51-2对羟基苯甲酸甲酯-D4Methyl4-hydroxybenzoate-2,3,5,6-d4 1219795-53-5乙基4-羟基苯甲酸酯-2,3,5,6-D4Ethyl4-hydroxybenzoate-2,3,5,6-d4 1219802-67-1正丙基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯-2,3,5,6-D4N-propyl4-hydroxybenzoate-2,3,5,6-d4 1219798-67-0正丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯-2,3,5,6-D4N-butyl4-hydroxybenzoate-2,3,5,6-d4 1219798-66-9正戊基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯-2,3,5,6-D4N-pentyl4-hydroxybenzoate-2,3,5,6-d4 1219802-40-0苄基-2-羟基苯甲酸酯-3,4,5,6-D4Benzyl2-hydroxybenzoate-3,4,5,6-d4 1329509-49-0盐酸甲基异噻唑啉酮-D3Methylisothiazolinone-d3hydrochloride 81103-79-9芴-D10Fluorene-d10 1718-52-1芘-D10Pyrene-d10 1719-06-8蒽-D10Anthracene-d10 1146-65-2萘-D8Naphthalene-d8 1517-22-2菲-D10Phenanthrene-d10 15067-26-2苊-D10Acenaphthene-d10 1520-96-3苝-D12Perylene-d12 1719-03-5屈-D12Chrysene-d12 93951-97-4苊烯-D8Acenaphylthene-d8 63466-71-7苯并[A]芘-D12Benzo[a]pyrene-d12 205440-82-0苯并[E]芘-D12Benzo[e]pyrene-d12 93951-69-0荧蒽-D10Fluoranthene-d10 93951-98-5苯并[B]荧蒽-D12Benzo[b]fluoranthene-d12 93952-01-3苯并[K]荧蒽-D12Benzo[k]fluoranthene-d12 93951-66-7苯并[G,H,I]苝-D12Benzo[g,h,i]perylene-d12 13250-98-1二苯并[A,H]蒽-D14Dibenz[a,h]anthracene-d14 203578-33-0茚并(1.2.3-C.D)芘-D12Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene-d12 1262843-46-825-羟基维生素D2-D625-HydroxyvitaminD2-d6 78782-98-625-羟基维生素D3-D625-HydroxyvitaminD3-d6 1217467-39-425-羟基维生素D2-D325-HydroxyvitaminD2-d3 140710-94-725-羟基维生素D3-D325-HydroxyvitaminD3-d3 18806-29-6L-丙氨酸-2,3,3,3-D4L-Alanine-d4 113892-08-3α-维生素E-D6α-Tocopherol-d6 372-75-8L-瓜氨酸-5,5-D2L-Citrulline-5,5-d2 1233937-39-7维生素K1-D7VitaminK1-d7 87828-86-2L-亮氨酸-D3L-Leucine-5,5,5-d3 13010-53-2L-蛋氨酸-D3L-Methionine-d3 347841-40-1L-鸟氨酸盐酸盐-D6L-Ornithine:HCL-3,3,4,4,5,5-d6 478171-80-1维生素K3-D8VitaminK3-d8 180268-82-0L-苯丙氨酸-13C6L-Phenylalanine-13C6 201595-63-3L-4-羟基苯基-13C6-丙氨酸L-Tyrosine-13C6 35045-72-8L-缬氨酸-D8L-Valine-d8 126827-79-0左旋肉碱-D9L-Carnitine-d9 1334532-17-0L-乙酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) 1334532-19-2L-丙酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Propionyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) 1334532-21-6L-丁酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Butyryl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) L-异戊酰肉碱盐酸盐-D92-Methylbutyryl-L-carnitine-d9chloride L-戊二酰肉碱盐酸盐-D6L-Glutarylcarnitine-d6chloride L-己酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Hexanoyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) 1334532-24-9L-辛酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Octanoyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) L-癸酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Decanoyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) L-十二碳酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) 1334532-25-0L-十四碳酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) 1334532-26-1L-十六碳酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) 2245711-27-5L-十八碳酰肉碱盐酸盐-D3Octadecanoyl-L-carnitine-d3HCL(n-methyl-d3) 284487-60-1DL-3-羟基十四烷酸-2,2,3,4,4-D5DL-3-Hydroxymyristicacid-2,2,3,4,4-d5 506-30-9UN二十烷酸-12,12,13,13-D4Arachidicacid-12,12,13,13-d4 232600-70-3二十烷酸-2,2-D2Arachidicacid-2,2-d2 39756-32-6二十烷酸-D39Arachidicacid-d39 156779-02-1丁酸-3,3,4,4,4-D5Butyricacid-3,3,4,4,4-d5 73607-83-7丁酸-D7Butyricacid-d7 92543-08-3胆固醇-2,2,3,4,4,6-D6Cholesterol-2,2,3,4,4,6-d6 83199-47-7胆固醇-25,26,26,26,27,27,27-D7Cholesterol-25,26,26,26,27,27,27-d7 57-88-5UN胆固醇-25,26,26,26-D4Cholesterol-25,26,26,26-d4 88170-22-3正癸酸-D19Decanoicacid-d19 102611-15-4正癸酸-D3Decanoicacid-d3 352431-41-5十七烷酸-D33Heptadecanoicacid-d33 202528-95-8十七烷酸-D3Heptadecanoicacid-d3 111-14-8UN庚酸-2,2,3,3-D4Heptanoicacid-2,2,3,3-d4 130348-93-5庚酸-D13Heptanoicacid-d13 506-46-7UN蜡酸-3,3,5,5-D4Hexacosanoicacid-3,3,5,5-d4 55320-65-5己酸-2,2-D2Hexanoicacid-2,2-d2 95348-44-0己酸-D11Hexanoicacid-d11 Hexanoicacid-d3 344298-81-3异戊酸-D9Isovalericacid-d9 59154-43-7月桂酸-D23Lauricacid-d23 79050-22-9月桂酸-D3Lauricacid-d3 327077-03-2肉豆蔻酸-13,13,14,14,14-D5Myristicacid-13,13,14,14,14-d5 60658-41-5肉豆蔻酸-D27Myristicacid-d27 62217-71-4肉豆蔻酸-D3Myristicacid-d3 134646-27-8壬酸-9,9,9-D3Nonanoicacid-9,9,9-d3 130348-94-6壬酸-D17Nonanoicacid-d17 69974-55-6辛酸-D15Octanoicacid-d15 5711-29-5油酸-9,10-D2Oleicacid-9,10-d2 112-80-1UN油酸-D33Oleicacid-d33 62689-96-7棕榈酸-2,2-D2Palmiticacid-2,2-d2 39756-30-4棕榈酸-D31Palmiticacid-d31 75736-53-7棕榈酸-D3Palmiticacid-d3 339080-77-2癸二酸-2,2,9,9-D4Sebacicacid-2,2,9,9-d4 211443-83-3硬脂酸-17,17,18,18,18-D5Stearicacid-17,17,18,18,18-d5 17660-51-4硬脂酸-D35Stearicacid-d35 α-鼠胆酸-2,2,3,4,4-D5α-Muricholicacid-2,2,3,4,4-d5 β-鼠胆酸-2,2,3,4,4-D5β-Muricholicacid-2,2,3,4,4-d5 γ-鼠胆酸-2,2,3,4,4-D5γ-Muricholicacid-2,2,3,4,4-d5 鹅去氧胆酸-2,2,3,4,4,6,6,7,8-D9Chenodeoxycholicacid-2,2,3,4,4,6,6,7,8-d9 鹅去氧胆酸-2,2,3,4,4-D5Chenodeoxycholicacid-2,2,3,4,4-d5 鹅去氧胆酸-2,2,4,4-D4Chenodeoxycholicacid-2,2,4,4-d4 53007-09-3胆酸-2,2,3,4,4-D5Cholicacid-2,2,3,4,4-d5 116380-66-6胆酸-2,2,4,4-D4Cholicacid-2,2,4,4-d4 脱氧胆酸-2,2,4,4,11,11-D6Deoxycholicacid-2,2,4,4,11,11-d6 112076-61-6脱氧胆酸-2,2,4,4-D4Deoxycholicacid-2,2,4,4-d4 甘氨胆酸-2,2,4,4-D4Glycocholicacid-2,2,4,4-d4 甘氨脱氧胆酸-2,2,4,4,11,11-D6Glycodeoxycholicacid-2,2,4,4,11,11-d6 1069132-37-1甘氨脱氧胆酸-2,2,4,4-D4Glycodeoxycholicacid-2,2,4,4-d4 2044276-16-4甘氨石胆酸-2,2,4,4-D4Glycolithocholicacid-2,2,4,4-d4 83701-16-0石胆酸-2,2,4,4-D4Lithocholicacid-2,2,4,4-d4 wyf 12.10 |
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