墨墨导读:良好的开端是成功的一半,从MySQL安装开始。 学习数据库技术,实际动手的第一步是安装自己的MySQL。MySQL方面也提供多样式的安装方式rpm ,tar ,源码包。当安装完投入使用之后,随着业务量,数据量的增加,往往会碰到很多意向不到的问题。如性能,安全,配置不合理等。对于最佳实践,都应该注意哪些。 1. MySQL 安装部署流程 1. 操作系统
2. MYSQL软件安装
3. MYSQL软件安装
4. MYSQL初始化
2. MySQL 一键式部署脚本 基于5.7.32编写的自动安装部署脚本。操作系统方面只加了资源添加部分。 Vim MySQL_AutoSetup .sh #!/bin/bash #####MySQL5.7.32数据库自动安装脚本 # Version: 1.0 # Author: kevinCUI # Date: 2020-12-31 ##### #mysql 安装包的绝对路径,去掉.tar.gz tarGzPath=/opt/idc/ tarGzFile=mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 #mysql 安装路径 installPath=/home/mysql/
#my.cnf配置文件 mysqlcnf=/home/mysql/my.cnf
#mysql serverid需要设置唯一的id,比如 ip+3位数字 mysqlServerid=1010101
#mysql 密码(不可擅自修改) defaultPwd=123456
#mysql 端口 mysqlPort=3306
#mysql数据目录 data_default=${installPath}${mysqlPort} data_datadir=${data_default}/data data_binlog=${data_default}/binlog data_dbdata=${data_default}/dbdata data_logs=${data_default}/logs data_tmp=${data_default}/tmp data_undo=${data_default}/undo # 校验是否为ROOT用户 CheckRoot() { if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]; then echo "Error: You must be root to run this script, please use root to install" exit 1 fi clear } #优化文件最大打开数 DependFile() {
if [ $( cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep "mysql" | wc -l ) -lt 1 ] ;then cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf << EOF * soft nproc 65536 * hard nproc 65536 * soft nofile 65536 * hard nofile 65536 mysql soft nproc 65536 mysql hard nproc 65536 mysql soft nofile 65536 mysql hard nofile 65536 EOF
fi
if [ -e /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf ];then if [ $( cat /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf | grep "mysql" | wc -l ) -lt 1 ] ;then cat >>/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf<<EOF mysql soft nproc unlimited EOF
fi fi
if [ -e /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf ];then if [ $( cat /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf | grep "mysql" | wc -l ) -lt 1 ] ;then cat >>/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf<<EOF mysql soft nproc unlimited EOF
fi fi
if [ -e /etc/sysctl.conf ];then fs_file=$( cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max) if [ ${fs_file} -lt 65535 ] ;then sed -i "s/${fs_file}/65535/g" /etc/sysctl.conf /usr/sbin/sysctl -p
fi fi
echo -e "\e[31m #1.配置基础资源 \e[0m"
}
#拷贝tar.gz包 DecompressionTarGz() { if [ ! -e ${tarGzPath}${tarGzFile}.tar.gz ];then echo -e "\e[31m ${tarGzPath}${tarGzFile}.tar.gz 不存在!请检查后重新执行脚本 \e[0m" exit 1 fi #解压并重命名到安装目录 if [ ! -d ${installPath}${tarGzFile} ] ;then mkdir -p ${installPath} tar -xvf ${tarGzPath}${tarGzFile}.tar.gz -C ${installPath} &> /dev/null fi
echo -e "\e[31m #2.软件已解压 \e[0m"
} #添加组合角色 AddMysqlUser() { if [ ! $(id -u "mysql") ]; then echo "mysql user is not exists for to created" /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql fi
echo -e "\e[31m #3.mysql启动用户已准备完成 \e[0m"
}
#创建mysql 数据目录 createMysqlFolder() { if [ -d ${data_default} ] ;then if [ $(du -s ${data_default} | awk 'NR==1{print $1}') -gt 0 ] ;then mv ${data_default} ${data_default}"`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`" fi fi
mkdir -p ${data_datadir} mkdir -p ${data_binlog} mkdir -p ${data_dbdata} mkdir -p ${data_logs} mkdir -p ${data_tmp} mkdir -p ${data_undo}
#赋予权限 chown -R mysql:mysql ${data_default} chmod 700 ${data_tmp}
echo -e "\e[31m #4.mysql 数据目录 权限 已准备完成 \e[0m"
}
#创建my.cnf MakeMyCnf() {
if [ -e ${mysqlcnf} ] ;then #mv ${mysqlcnf} ${mysqlcnf}"`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`" rm ${mysqlcnf} fi
cat >${mysqlcnf}<<EOF [mysqld_safe] user = mysql nice = 0
[client] socket = ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock port = ${mysqlPort}
[mysqld] ############# GENERAL ############# skip_ssl skip-name-resolve autocommit = ON character_set_server = utf8mb4 collation_server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = ON lower_case_table_names = 1 port = ${mysqlPort} read_only = OFF transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED open_files_limit = 65535 max_connections = 2000 expire_logs_days = 10 default-time_zone = '+8:00' ####### CACHES AND LIMITS ######### interactive_timeout = 600 lock_wait_timeout = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_definition_cache = 2000 table_open_cache = 2000 table_open_cache_instances = 8
thread_cache_size = 32 thread_stack = 256K
tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 64M
query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0
sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M sort_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_io_capacity = 1000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 2000
max_allowed_packet = 1024M slave_max_allowed_packet = 1024M slave_pending_jobs_size_max = 1024M
############# SAFETY ############## local_infile = OFF skip_name_resolve = ON sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_ALL_TABLES
############# LOGGING ############# general_log = 0 log_queries_not_using_indexes = ON log_slow_admin_statements = ON log_warnings = 2 long_query_time = 1 #1秒慢日志 slow_query_log = ON
############# REPLICATION #############
server_id = ${mysqlServerid} #ip+3位数字 binlog_checksum = CRC32 binlog_format = ROW binlog_rows_query_log_events = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON gtid_mode = ON log_slave_updates = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE master_verify_checksum = ON
max_binlog_size = 512M max_binlog_cache_size = 1024M #已修改,原值1024 binlog_cache_size = 8M
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE skip_slave_start = ON slave_net_timeout = 10 slave_sql_verify_checksum = ON
sync_binlog = 1 sync_master_info = 1 sync_relay_log = 1 sync_relay_log_info = 1
############### PATH ############## basedir = ${installPath}${tarGzFile}
datadir = ${data_datadir} tmpdir = ${data_tmp} socket = ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock pid_file = ${data_datadir}/mysql.pid innodb_data_home_dir = ${data_dbdata}
log_error = ${data_logs}/error.log general_log_file = ${data_logs}/general.log slow_query_log_file = ${data_logs}/slow.log
log_bin = ${data_binlog}/mysql-bin log_bin_index = ${data_binlog}/mysql-bin.index relay_log = ${data_binlog}/relay-log relay_log_index = ${data_binlog}/relay-log.index
# undo settings innodb_undo_directory = ${data_undo} innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 16M innodb_undo_tablespaces = 4
############# INNODB ############# innodb_file_format = barracuda innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_log_file_size = 1024M innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_support_xa = ON innodb_strict_mode = ON
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:32M;ibdata2:16M:autoextend innodb_temp_data_file_path = ibtmp1:1G:autoextend:max:30G innodb_checksum_algorithm = strict_crc32 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 600
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_page_cleaners = 1 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 256 innodb_purge_threads = 4 innodb_read_io_threads = 4 innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
[mysql] ############# CLIENT ############# max_allowed_packet = 16M socket = ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock no-auto-rehash
[mysqldump] max_allowed_packet = 16M
EOF
echo -e "\e[31m #5.mysql cnf配置完成,【需要按照实际情况更改】 \e[0m" }
#初始化数据库 InitDataBase() { #cd ${installPath}${tarGzFile} ${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=${mysqlcnf} --basedir=${installPath}${tarGzFile} --datadir=${data_datadir} --user=mysql --initialize
${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysqlcnf} --user=mysql &
echo -e "\e[31m #6. 初始化数据库完成并启动服务. \e[0m"
}
#重置密码 ResetPwd() { sleep 10s #从日志中获取mysql初始密码 pwd=`grep "A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: " ${data_logs}/error.log` pwd=${pwd##*root@localhost:} #防止因为初始密码中有特殊字符出错 拼接单引号 pwd=${pwd// /} echo ${pwd} ${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysql -uroot -p${pwd} -S ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock --connect-expired-password -e "alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '${defaultPwd}';"
echo -e "\e[31m #7. 已重置数据库密码。登录方式如下: \e[0m" echo -e "\e[31m ${installPath}${tarGzFile}/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S ${data_datadir}/mysql.sock \e[0m"
} #ResetPwd
main() { ###1.校验是否为ROOT用户 CheckRoot
###2.优化文件最大打开数 DependFile
###3.拷贝tar.gz包 DecompressionTarGz
###4.添加组合角色 AddMysqlUser
###5.创建mysql 数据目录 createMysqlFolder
###6.创建my.cnf MakeMyCnf
###7.初始化数据库 InitDataBase
###8.重置密码 ResetPwd
}
main 3.总结 良好的开端是成功的一半,MySQL是轻量级数据,安装部署也需要学问,粗略的安装往往会导致后期的一些各种大小问题。考虑的越周全,走的越远。 墨天轮原文链接:https://www./db/43180(复制到浏览器中打开或者点击“阅读原文”立即查看) |
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