何謂防水透濕布料?當您在選購機能性戶外外套時,是不是常常聽店員使用「防水透濕」這個詞彙呢?將它分成兩個部分來解釋:「防水」的主要作用在於抵擋水分穿透,通常是在布料表面以PU(Poly Urethane聚胺酯甲酸基)、PTFE(Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene鐵氟龍薄膜)、TPU(Thermoplastic Poly Urethane熱塑樹酯)、TPE(Thermal Plastic Elastomer熱塑性塑膠)等材料塗佈或以Film(軟膠膜)貼合加工而成。 「透濕」的主要作用在於釋放身體因運動產生的濕氣汗水蒸氣,讓外套內部不會發生結霜而導致身體濕冷的現象,進而達到降溫的效果及維持絕佳的舒適與乾爽。 簡單來說所謂「防水透濕」即是一種能阻隔雨水進入同時又能將身體的汗水排出的一種布料。而「防水透氣」與「防水透濕」又有何不同呢? 在文字的敘述上,需要有一個正確觀念。防水透濕的「濕」是特別指汗水、濕氣、水的氣態結構,而防水透氣的「氣」除了包含前者的汗氣、濕氣之外,還包括了一般的氣體,諸如空氣、氧氣、二氧化碳...等。當人體需要調節體溫時,人體的皮膚會排出汗水和濕氣,而並非排出二氧化碳等氣體。因此外套、衣服或寢具等紡織品在強調「透氣」時,是特別著重在於汗水濕氣是否得以穿透排出體外,而非字面上。因此,並沒有哪個是錯誤的,但如果要更專業確切的說法「防水透濕」會比「防水透氣」更為洽當。 市面上的防水透濕外套的防水薄膜主要可分為兩類:
塗佈貼合的概念 直接塗佈與移轉貼合加工產品,為高分子樹脂產業之下游搭配上游紡織布料而進行加工之產品,屬於印染整理業中之其他整理業,其產品定義即是將水性、溶劑型液體或薄膜之聚胺基甲酸乙酯(PU)、熱塑樹酯(TPU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、矽利康樹脂(Silicon)、亞克力樹脂(Acrylic)、聚丁二烯(Neoprene)、泡棉或其他塑化材料,以浸漬、塗佈、被覆或黏合在紡織材料而成的合成品、紡織品。另外,也因為要應付各種不同的使用環境,而研發出不同層級的耐水壓及透溼度搭配組合布料。除了上述的兩種防水透濕薄膜,市面上也是有將兩種(e-PTFE微多孔型薄膜和TPU無孔親水型薄膜)結合在一起的技術。至於要如何將比例調配到既防水又透氣,這其中的比例配方就是各家廠商的奧秘了。 「防水透濕」如何計算與測量? 讓我們來看看不同層級的防水透濕效果是如何計算與測量出來
目前台灣業界的技術水準:
延伸閱讀:外套和雨衣的差別,為什麼防水外套無法完全防水? Waterproof and Breathable FabricsWaterproof and Breathable Fabrics allow vapor to pass through but not liquid. Thus perspiration vapor readily departs from the skin, while water outside the garment cannot enter. The inside of the garment remains free of moisture droplet and helps the body stays warm and dry. Breathable means the vapor emitted from the surface of an exercising body can evaporate outside the textile, so the temperature decreases and the wearer maintains ultimate comfortableness and dryness. Liquid-water Impermeability means the textile resists water penetration. Most commonly, the surface of this type of textile is coated with PU, PTFE, TPU, TPE or other materials. The same effect can also be achieved by laminating fabric with a water impermeable film. Hydrophilic materials utilize the hydrophilic group to absorb moisture which then evaporates through diffusion and air convection. Manufactured for specific environmental demands, waterproof & breathable fabrics are available on different combinations of hydrostatic pressure endurance and water-vapor permeability. With current technology in Taiwan, waterproof & breathable fabrics made by lamination can possess a hydrostatic pressure endurance of at least 40,000mmH2O (ISO 811), a breathability of at least 20,000 g/m2‧24hr (JIS L1099-B1) and a RET of 6 m2pa/w or less. Their counterparts made by direct coating can possess a hydrostatic pressure endurance of at least 10,000mmH2O (ISO 811) and a breathability of at least 10,000 g/m2‧24hr (JIS L1099-B1). 水蒸氣阻度 Water vapor resistance, Ret
耐水壓 Water resistance
一般要求-依不同產品用途選擇適當的一般性能要求 General requirement for pretreatment - Choose the proper general requirement according to product end-use
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