名词可以分为_________(ProperNouns)和_________(CommonNouns),常见的专有名词有:____ ____:China,Japan,England,Cuba,Australia,Brazil,France…;_ ________:ZhouEnlai,Jim,NewYork,Shanghai________:Chinese, Japanese,English,French_________________________:theGreatWa ll,theSummerPalace,thePalaceofMuseum;thePeople’sHospit al……。注意:专有名词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。普通名词可分为下面四类:(1)_________(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:pen,student,desk。(2)_________(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family,class,people(3)_________(Mater ialNouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air,water,paper。(4)_________(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:dancing,work,modesty,happiness,t ime。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(CountableNouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算 ,称为不可数名词(UncountableNouns)。名词单复数的一些特殊情况1.单复同形:deer,sheep, fish,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,means,series,species2.形式上为复数,但实 际上是单数的词:(它们作主语时,谓语用单数)maths/math,politics,physics,news 3.形式上为单数,实际上是复数的词:(集体名词)police,cattle,audience,crew,crowd, committee,people4.常以复数形式出现的名词:glasses,trousers,jeans,so cks,stockings,scissors,compasses,cross-roads5.复数不规则变化的名词: child---ox---mouse---foot---tooth---goose---man- --______woman---_______Englishman---___________(合成词)Ger man---__________(非合成词)6.以o结尾的名词:O前为辅音字母时,加-espotato-- -potatoestomato---tomatoesnegro---negroeshero---heroe secho---echoes注意:photo(photograph)---photos kilo(kilogram)---kilospiano(外来词)---pianos 2)O前为元音字母时,加–sradio---radioszoo---zooskangaroo---kangaroo sbamboo---bamboosstudio---studios注意:cargo---cargoes/cargos (货物)motto---mottoes/mottos(座右铭,格言)volcano---volcanoes/volc anoszero---zeroes/zerosmosquito---mosquitoes/mosquitosrhino ----rhinoes/rhinos7.以f或fe结尾的名词:规则:(变f或fe为-ves)thief--- thieveswife---wivesknife---kniveswolf---wolveshalf--- halvesleaf---leavesshelf---shelves(life---lives)特殊(直 接加-s)belief---beliefschief---chiefsgrief---griefsgulf ---gulfsroof---roofsproof---proofssafe---safes8.一些合成名词的复数 构成(1)将中心词变为复数1.girlfriend---2.grandchild---3.passer-by--- 4.looker-on---5.stander-by---6.mother-in-law---7.grown-up--- 8.go-between---9.单复数形式意思极不相同的名词:good---goodswater---wate rssand---sandswood---woodswork---workstime--- timesgreen---greensmanner---mannerscustom---custo msfish---fishesExercises:(名词的单复数)Ⅰ.Writedowntheplural forms.mouthstomachmonkey factoryhalfbeliefGerman manteacherFrenchman名词的所有格1.名词所有格的形式:1)单数 名词直接在其后加汤姆的帽子2)复数名词则先加s再加一撇十分钟的行程 教师节注意:不是以s结尾的复数名词还是直接在其后加2、有生命的名词,一般在名词后加’s(表示 时间、距离、金额、重量、机构、城市或国家的名词也可以直接加’s)1)他妈妈的朋友2)狗的名字3)罗定的气候3、无 生命的事物,一般借用ofthewindowofourclassroomthenameo fthevillage4.表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格,一般省略后面的的名词。5.双重所有格1)afri endofmine限定词(a/some/many/such/this/every等)+名词+of+名词性物主代 词ExercisesTom的书我朋友的叔叔今天的报纸三百元的裙子学校的历史中国的人口十分钟的路程两周的假期 教师节儿童节男鞋墙壁的颜色这本书的封面房子的屋顶这篇文章的题目这本书的作者在我姑姑家在老师办公室这只猫的名字 玛丽的一些照片我哥哥的三个同学D_________isthetwelfthmonthinayear.Can adabelongstoN____America._________(教授)Smithwillgivealec tureonhowtopreventcancer.Westudentsusuallydon’thavecla ssesonS_______andSunday.HissonwasadmittedtoPekingU____ _____,whichtheytookpridein.Ⅲ.Fillintheblanks.1.The (roof)ofthehouseswerecoveredwith(le af).2.Therearethree(womandoc tor)andfour(girl)nursesintheteam.3.I’dlike (chicken)ratherthan(f ish)forsupper.4.Myfamilyraisealotof(ca ttle),includingtwo(cow).5.SisterMarywor ksina(shoe)factory.Translation.1、三块面包2、四杯水3、三杯 咖啡4、咖啡杯5、所得税6、你喜欢哪一样,马铃薯还是西红柿?7、附近有两个玫瑰园。8、在写作方面,你能给我提些建议吗? 9、-你多高?-5英尺5英寸。房子的窗沙漠之舟树上的叶子路斯的妈妈想养马。鲁迅的书值得一读。我们参观了 小李和小张的房间。这本书不是我的,是李华的。北京是中国的首都。我忘记电影名字了。这儿有许多学生的练习本。昨天我去理发 店剪头发。thewindowofthehousetheshipofthedeserttheleaveso fthetreeRose’smotherwantstoraiseahorse.LuXun''sbooki sworthreading.WevisitedXiaoLiandXiaoZhang''sroom.Thebo okisnotmine,butLiHua''s.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.I forgotthetitleofthefilm.Therearemanystudents''exercise bookshere.11.Ihadmyhaircutinthebarber''syesterday.the colorofthewallthecoverofthebooktheroofofthehousethe titleofthistextthewriterofthisbookatmyaunt’s(home)i ntheteachers’(office)thecat’sname/thenameofthecat somephotosofMary’sthreeclassmatesofmybrother’s完成 句子:1、玛丽的书包和露丝的书包放在椅子上。______________________areonthechai r.2、玛丽和露丝的房间在二楼。____________________isonthesecondfloor. 3、她父母亲的一个朋友是农民。______________________isafarmer.4、步行二十分钟的 路程不很远。____________________isnotveryfar.Mary’sandLucy’s bagsMaryandLucy’sroomAfriendofherparents’Twentyminut es’walkecemberorthProfessoraturdayniversity要点:专有名词大写开头The newapartmentisinroom302,entrance1,building49,thecentur ygarden.Thestudentsofseniorthreeof(from)xinguangmiddl eschoolwillgotothefirstpeople’shospitaltohaveaphysica lexaminationonsaturday,september9th.Room302,Entrance1,B uilding49,theCenturyGardenThestudentsofSeniorThreeof(f rom)XinguangMiddleSchoolwillgototheFirstPeople’sHospita ltohaveaphysicalexaminationonSaturday,September9th.1.T hecatissittingonmy______.(bed/beds)2.Therearefive____ _onmydesk.(pencil/pencils)3.Ihavegottwo_____.(sister/s isters)4.Theyareridingtheir_____.(bike/bikes)5.Wehaveg ota_____.(dog/dogs)6.Howmany____haveyougotinyourbag? (book/books)7.Mymotherhasgotanew_.(computer/computers) 8.Therearethreewindowsinthe__.(room/rooms)9.Susanhasg otfour____.(poster/posters)10.?Thereisone_____onthefloor .(pen/pens)penroofsleaveswomendoctorsgirlchickenfishca ttlecowsshoethreepiecesofbreadfourglassesofwaterthree coffeescoffeecupincometaxWhichonedoyouprefer,tomatoeso rpotatoes?Therearetworosegardensnearby.Couldyougiveme someadviceonwriting/howtowriteacomposition?-Howtall areyou?-Fivefeetandfiveinches.名词的所有格:名词名词的分类国家名 称人名/地名语言由普通名词构成的专有名词专有名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词Marx,Shang hai,China,TheGreatWall某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称专有名词work,time,ha ppiness表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念tea,water,paper表示无法分为个体的实物schoo l,family,class表示若干个个体组成的集合体pen,student,desk表示某类人或东西中的个体 普通名词例词用法类别可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词★特别要记住的不可 数名词:fish,meat,rice,progress,woodmedicine,news,informatio n,work,homework,knowledge,population,time,space(空间),weathe r,music,advice,noise,furniture考点一childrenmicefeetteethg eeseoxenmenwomenEnglishmenGermans黑人吃土豆,英雄吃番茄。两菜两人一回声小偷的妻 子用刀把狼砍成几半,并用树叶将其盖在书架后面。(信念)(首领)(悲伤)(海湾)(屋顶)(证据)(保险柜)girl friendsgrandchildrenpassers-bylookers-onstanders-bymothers- in-lawgrown-upsgo-betweens过路人旁观者旁观者中间人(2)man,woman构成的合成 词,每个名词都要变成复数。amandoctor–awomanteacher–mendoctorswo menteachersvalue---values(价值观)force---forces(军队)arm---arm s(武器,战争)货物水域沙滩树林著作时代蔬菜礼貌关税各种鱼有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况 下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思不同(1)glass( )–aglass( )paper( )–a paper( )work( )–awork( )room( )–aroom( ) (2)fruit( )–fruits( )fish( )–fishes( )hai r( )–hairs( )time( )–times( )玻璃玻璃杯纸报纸工作著作 空间房间水果各种水果鱼各种鱼所有头发几根头发时间时代注:mouths monkeyshalvesGermans menteachersFrenchmenstomachsfactoriesbel iefs修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有these,those,few,afew,many,agood[great] many,agreat[good]numberof等:Fewpeoplewouldagreewitht his.很少人会同意这种看法。Hehasagreatmanyfriendshere.他在这儿有很多朋友。修饰不 可数名词的常用修饰语有this,that,little,alittle,abitof,much,agreat dealof,alargeamountof等:Ihavelittletimetodoit.我没什 么时间来做此事。Hedidn’tgivememuchmoney.他没给我很多钱。Agreatdealof moneyisspentonresearch.研究工作上花了许多钱。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词,如all, some,enough,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,a(large)quantityo f等:Youneedn’thurry.There’splentyoftime.你不必着急。时间多着哩。The reareplentyofmenoutofwork.失业的人很多。Weneedaquantityof baskets.我们需要一批篮子。Heputasmallquantityofsugarinthemilk. 他在牛奶中放了少量的糖。考点二''s(s’)’sTom’scaptenminutes’walkTeachers ’DayChildren’sDayhismother’sfriendthedog’snameLuoding’sclimate3)我们课室的窗户4)村庄的名字atMrGreen’satmyuncle’satthetailor’satthebarber’satthedoctor’s在格林先生家在我叔叔家在裁缝店在理发店在肉店在诊所atthebutcher’s/clinic=oneofmyfriends=oneofTom’sfriends2)afriendofTom’s限定词+名词+of+名词所有格John’sunclehasmanyfriends.Mr.Brownisafriendof____.A.John’suncleB.Johnuncle’sC.John’suncle’sD.JohnuncleCTom’sbookmyfriend’suncletoday’snewspapertenminutes’walkthreehundredyuan’sskirttheschool’shistoryChina’spopulationTeachers’Daytwoweeks’holidayChildren’sDaymen’sshoes |
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