wereto+动词原形should+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形过去式(be用were)与将
来事实相反should/would/could/might+have+过去分词had+过去分词与过去事实相反should/
would/could/might+动词原形过去式(be用were)与现在事实相反主句谓语动词从句谓语动词类别If
mybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifitsho
uldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedinthee
xam.2.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,可把if省略,把were/ha
d/should提到主语之前形成倒装;若为否定形式,not不可提前。Hadhecaughtthemorningt
rain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.3.错综时间条件句有
时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。Ifwehadbooked
atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(if条件句
是对过去的虚拟,而主句是对现在的虚拟。)4.含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用butfor,wi
thout等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。Wewouldn’thavefinishedtheprojectonti
mewithoutyourtimelyhelp.(2)用otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而
引出后文的虚拟语气。Myparentslentmethemoney.Otherwise,Icouldn’t
haveaffordedthetrip.(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,结构为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。
Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasilltha
tday.二、目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法forfearthat/incase+从句:从句谓语用should+
动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmiss
theearlybus.三、方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法asif/asthough+从句:(1)与现在事实相反
,从句用一般过去时;(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时;(3)与将来事实相反,从句谓语用would/cou
ld/might+动词原形。ShespeaksEnglishasif/asthoughshewereanat
iveofNewYork.考点2虚拟语气用于其他从句中【考题小练】1.Myfathersuggeststh
atI____________(take)enoughsleepbeforethefinalexaminatio
n.?2.Myhusbandisalwaystalkingabouttheeconomyandstock
s,butI’dratherhe_______(focus)moreonourchildren’sedu
cation.(should)takefocused【考点精讲】一、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语
气在“Itis+important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a
pity+that...”句型中,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。It’svitalthatwe(sho
uld)takeoursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.2.宾语从句中
的虚拟语气(1)在wouldrather(that)后的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作,从句用
一般过去时;如果表示过去发生的动作,从句用过去完成时。I’dratherhehadgonetotheseas
idewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.(2)表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,
宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。①坚持:insist;②命令:order,command;③建议:
advise,suggest,propose,recommend;④要求:request,require
,demand,ask。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlyt
henextday.第5讲情态动词和虚拟语气(一)情态动词考点1九大情态动词的基本用法【考题小练】用适当的情
态动词填空(必要时用否定形式)1.You_______havetoldJimanythingaboutit.I
twasnoneofhisbusiness.needn’t2.Thegiantpandalooksve
rymild.Butit____beveryfiercewhenyouannoyit.3.Thep
layersfromGuangzhouEvergrandeFootballClubhavebeendoingv
erywellrecently,sothey______winthefinalmatch.4.You
_____beCarol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.
canshouldmust【考点精讲】1.can/could(1)表示能力(could常用于表示过去的能力)。
I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIcanfind
enoughmoney.(2)表示理论上的可能性,“有时候可能会”(用在肯定句中)。Creditcardspro
videuswithlotsofconvenience,buttheycanleadtoproblems.
(3)表示请求和允许,口语中常用could代替can(could用来表示现在,用以委婉地提出请求等,但回答时必须用
can)。—CouldIuseyourphone,please?—Yes,youcan./No,y
oucan’t.2.may/might表示请求、允许、许可,might比may的语气更委婉。MayIask
ifyouarefondoftravellingbysea?3.must(1)表示“必须;应该”。
Wemustputthepeople’sinterestsaboveallelse.(2)表示“偏要,硬要
”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.4.sh
all(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见。Shallthedriverwaitoutside?
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;此外,表示法律、条文中规定“必须……”
时也用shall。Ipromisedheshallgetapresentforhisbirthday.
5.should(1)表示劝告和建议,作“应该”讲。Whyshouldn’twebuytheladyaf
lower?Itwillmakeherfeelbetter.(2)表示惊讶、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”。
Itissurprisingthatyoushouldnotknowit.(3)用在if条件句中,表示可能
性很小,但也不是完全不可能。Ifyoushouldfailtocome,askMrSmithtowo
rkinyourplace.6.will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿。Wewillneverall
owanyone,anyorganizationoranypoliticalparty,atanytime
orinanyform,toseparateanypartofChineseterritoryfrom
China.(2)表示“请求;建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些。Will/Wouldyouplease
keepthedooropen?(3)表示习惯,will可以表示现在的习惯,意为“总是;习惯于”。表示过去的
习惯性动作用would。Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.
(4)表示事物的某种性质和倾向,或按规律“注定会”。Wearingproperclothesisimporta
nttoo,forlocalswilljudgeyoubywhatyouwear.7.need表示“
需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。It’squitewarmhere;weneedn’t
turntheheatingonyet.8.dare表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句
中,一般不用于肯定句。Idaresay是习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”。—Areyoucomingwith
me?—Ican’t,Alice.Idaren’t.9.oughtto表示义务,意为“应当”,
语气比should强。Yououghtnottobesoselfish.【点津】易混词(组)用法比较有更多的
时态形式,was/wereableto表示通过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事beabletocan只有现在式和过去式(
could),表示一般能力can/couldcan(could)/beableto主要用法情态动词表示过去经常发
生的动作或存在的状态,强调今昔对比(意味着“现在不再……了”)usedto表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作,没有与现在对比的
含义wouldwould/usedto主要用法情态动词考点2情态动词的推测用法【考点精讲】Parentsm
ayscoldtheirchildrenwhentheyareuntidy.表推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中,
might的可能性比may小may/mightThiscan’tbedonebyhim.表示可能性,主要
用于否定句和疑问句can/could示例用法情态动词Heoughtto/shouldbehereontim
e—hestartedearlyenough.表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等
(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)should/oughttoHurryup!Theymustbewait
ingforusnow.表示有把握的推测,意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句中must示例用法情态
动词考点3“情态动词+havedone”的用法【考点精讲】1.对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测用于否定句和疑问句,表
示怀疑或不确定can(could)havedone(过去)可能……;语气不确定;用于肯定句和否定句may(mi
ght)havedone(过去)一定……;语气比较肯定;用于肯定句musthavedone2.表示“与过去事
实相反”过去本可以做某事但实际上没做mighthavedone过去不应该做某事但实际上做了oughtn’tto/sh
ouldn’thavedone过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtto/shouldhavedone过去本不必做
某事但实际上做了needn’thavedone过去本可以做某事但实际上没做couldhavedone【题组训练】
用适当的情态动词填空(必要时用否定形式)1._____youkeepthechildrenquiet?I’mt
ryingtoconcentrate.2.Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoort
hemselves,______bringmefood.Can’tshould3.Dayslater,my
brothercalledtosayhewasallright,but________saywherehewas. 世纪金榜导学号4.Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He_____havedrunktoomuchatthepartylastnight.wouldn’tmust5.—Areyougoingtofindajobbackinyourhometown?—Well,Ihaven’tdecidedyet.I__________findsomeotherchoices.may/might(二)虚拟语气考点1状语从句中虚拟语气的用法【考点精讲】一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 |
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