Token，令牌，访问资源的凭证，每次访问带上这个令牌，就可识别出用户身份。
JWT （JsonWebToken），是实现token技术的一种解决方案，由三部分组成: header(头)、payload(载体)、signature(签名)。
1、头：HS384 HS512 RS256 RS384 RS512 ES256 ES384 ES512 PS256 PS384
2、载体：
iss：Issuer，发行者sub：Subject，主题
aud：Audience，观众exp：Expiration time，过期时间
nbf：Not before
iat：Issued at，发行时间
jti：JWT ID3、签名
代码案例：
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;import io.jsonwebtoken.CompressionCodecs;import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;import java.security.Key;import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.UUID;
public class JJWTTokenApply {// 使用的Keypublic static Key KEY = new SecretKeySpec('密钥'.getBytes(), SignatureAlgorithm.HS512.getJcaName());/**
* @param expiration==>失效时间
* @return
*/public static String generateAccessToken(String subject, Map<String, Object> claimsMap, long expiration) {// 生成Tokenreturn Jwts.builder()
.setClaims(claimsMap)
.setSubject(subject)
.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
.setIssuedAt(new Date())
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() expiration * 1000))
.compressWith(CompressionCodecs.DEFLATE)
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, KEY)
.compact();
}/**
* @param token * @return */public static Map<String, Object> parseAccessToken(String token) {Map<String, Object> claimsMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);try {
Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(KEY)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();// 失效时间claimsMap.put('expiration', claims.getExpiration());// 签发者claimsMap.put('created', claims.getIssuedAt());
claimsMap.put('subject', claims.getSubject());
claimsMap.put('user_id', claims.get('user_id'));
claimsMap.put('user_info', claims.get('user_info'));
claimsMap.put('user_roles', claims.get('user_roles'));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}return claimsMap;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {// 主题String subject = 'zhangsan';// 加密数据Map<String, Object> claimsMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
claimsMap.put('user_id', 123);
claimsMap.put('user_info', '用户信息');
claimsMap.put('user_roles', '用户角色');// 失效期1天String token = generateAccessToken(subject, claimsMap, 86400);
System.out.println('accessToken=' token);// 解析tokenMap<String, Object> parseMap = parseAccessToken(token);
System.out.println('主题=' parseMap.get('subject'));
System.out.println('user_id=' parseMap.get('user_id'));
System.out.println('user_info=' parseMap.get('user_info'));
System.out.println('user_roles=' parseMap.get('user_roles'));Date expirationDate = (Date) parseMap.get('expiration');
System.out.println('是否失效=' expirationDate.before(new Date()));
System.out.println('失效日期=' expirationDate);
System.out.println('失效时间=' (expirationDate.getTime() - System.currentTimeMillis()));
}
}SpringBoot采用token方式实现认证
1、SpringSecurity的配置
public class SpringSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {@Overrideprotected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
CustomAuthenticationProvider customAuthenticationProvider = new CustomAuthenticationProvider(userDetailsService);
authenticationManagerBuilder.authenticationProvider(customAuthenticationProvider);
}@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.cors().and().csrf().disable()
.authorizeRequests() // 请求授权// 配置路径放行.antMatchers('/**').permitAll()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, '/webSocket/**').permitAll()// swagger 文档.antMatchers('/swagger-ui.html').permitAll()
.antMatchers('/swagger-resources/**').permitAll()// druid.antMatchers('/druid/**').permitAll()// 放行OPTIONS请求.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, '/**').permitAll()// 其他都需要验证.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.addFilter(new JWTAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager(), userDetailsService))
.addFilter(new JWTAuthorizationFilter(authenticationManager()))// 不需要session.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
}@BeanCorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
source.registerCorsConfiguration('/**', new CorsConfiguration().applyPermitDefaultValues());return source;
}
}解析：部分代码没贴，实现的类重点包含：JWTAuthenticationFilter、JWTAuthorizationFilter、CustomAuthenticationProvider
2、登录认证的执行流程
3、代码实现部分
public class CustomAuthenticationProvider implements AuthenticationProvider {private UserDetailsService userService;public CustomAuthenticationProvider(UserDetailsService userService){this.userService = userService;
}@Overridepublic Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
String username = authentication.getName();
String password = authentication.getCredentials().toString();// 验证用户和密码返回}@Overridepublic boolean supports(Class<?> authentication) {return authentication.equals(UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.class);
}
}public class JWTAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;private JwtUtils jwtUtils;public JWTAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;// 精确指定认证地址super.setFilterProcessesUrl('/api/authen/login');
}@Overridepublic Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
Authentication returnAuthentication = null;try {
AuthenUser loginUser = new ObjectMapper().readValue(request.getInputStream(), AuthenUser.class);
Authentication authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPassword(), new ArrayList<>());
returnAuthentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationToken);return returnAuthentication;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}return null;
}// 成功验证后调用该方法@Overrideprotected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain,
Authentication authen) throws IOException, ServletException {
String username = (String) authen.getPrincipal();
UserDetails userDetail = (UserDetails) userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
String token = jwtUtils.generateAccessToken(userDetail);
HashMap<String, Object> resultData = Maps.newHashMap();
resultData.put('token', token);
resultData.put('userInfo', userDetail);
resultData.put('headerName', JwtUtils.TOKEN_HEADER);
resultData.put('prefix', JwtUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX);
resultData.put('tokenExpiration', jwtUtils.getExpireTime(jwtUtils.getAccess_token_expiration()));
String json = JSONObject.toJSONString(ServerResponse.createBySuccess(resultData));
response.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8');
response.setContentType('application/json; charset=utf-8');
response.getWriter().write(json);
}@Overrideprotected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException failed) throws IOException, ServletException {if (failed instanceof BadCredentialsException) {
response.setCharacterEncoding('utf-8');
response.getWriter().write(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(ServerResponse.createDefaultErrorMessage(failed.getMessage())));
} else if (failed instanceof UsernameNotFoundException) {
response.setCharacterEncoding('utf-8');
response.getWriter().write(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(ServerResponse.createDefaultErrorMessage(failed.getMessage())));
} else {
response.getWriter().write('authentication failed, reason: ' failed.getMessage());
}
}
}认证登录成功后，返回JSON串，包含token。
3、再次请求
4、代码处理部分
public class JWTAuthorizationFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {public JWTAuthorizationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {super(authenticationManager);
}@Overrideprotected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
String tokenHeader = request.getHeader('Authorization');// HTTP头中的Authorization信息if (tokenHeader == null || !tokenHeader.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);return;
}try { // 解析token，并且设置认证信息SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(getAuthentication(tokenHeader));
} catch (TokenIsExpiredException e) {
response.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8');
response.setContentType('application/json; charset=utf-8');
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
String reason = '错误：' e.getMessage();
response.getWriter().write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(reason));
response.getWriter().flush();return;
}super.doFilterInternal(request, response, chain);
