考点聚焦 1.作定语 功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词,在句中作定语 位置:一般位于名词之后,没有逗号隔开 例如: She is the girl living in China.(作定语) 2. 作状语 功能:在句中作为插入语,表示伴随; 位置:一般也是位于名词或某个句子后,有逗号隔开; 例如:She is the girl , living in China.(作状语) 考点精讲 1. doing: 表示主动,进行,性质; 2. done:表示被动,完成,状态; 3. to do: 表示目的,将来; 1) 作定语 例如: (1)There is the man standing under the tree.(这里the man与stand之间构成的是主动关系,所以用doing形式即standing) (2) That is the bike repaired by Tom.(这里the bike与repair之间构成是被动关系,所以用done的形式即repaired) (3) There is a party to be held next week.( 这里有next week表示将来,所以用to do 形式) 2) 作状语 (1)在句中或句尾用逗号隔开的 例如:Tom, living in China, invented the bike.(作插入语) There is the man,standing under the tree. That is the bike,repaired by Tom. 注意:用done或是doing还是依据句中的某个名词或是整个句子与动词间的关系 (2) 在句子的开头,用逗号隔开 例如:Knowing that he is a student, we try our best to help him.(这里we与know之间是主动关系,所以是doing形式) Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.(这里John与absorb之间构成被动关系,所以是done形式) To complete the job in time, the staffs were working on weekends.(这里表示目的关系,用to do形式) (3)with +sth+doing/done/to do的结构,表示伴随(看sth与动词间关系) 例如:With the society developing rapidly, +句子。(本句 the society与develop是主动关系,所以是doing形式) (4)状语从句中从句省掉主语的非谓语形式 例如:When finishing the job, we can go out.(这里因为we与finish是主动关系,所以是doing形式,若是被动则用done的形式) 总结 本小节的内容主要是高考中常考的形式,考生重点是掌握doing;done;to do所表示的含义,根据名词与动词间的关系来运用,然后记住以上所讲的几种形式,就可以了。 注意: 1. 非谓语若作主语,只能是doing或是to do;不能是done; 例如:Studying English is very important. 2. Having done 与doing的区别: 首先都是表示主动的含义;而having done强调的动作要先于主句的动作发生; 3. having been done/done/being done/to be done 的区别: 首先都是表被动的含义; having been done强调的动作要先于主句的动作发生;(一般会有表完成的时间词如:for+时间段;since+句子/时间点) being done强调的动作与主句的动作是同时发生;(一般会有表进行的时间词如:now等) to be done强调的动作是后于主句的动作发生;(一般会有表将来的时间词如:next +时间,in+时间段等) 例如:_____ twice by the dog, the man refused to deliver the letter to us. A. Biting B.Having been bitten B. To be bitten D.Being bitten 解析:本题选B。因为the man 与bite是被动关系,其次被咬的动作是先于the man refused to deliver the letter to us发生的。 2015年—2019年全国卷语法专项 语法填空 1. A study of travelers___(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015年全国1) 解析:因为根据句子意思,可知study与conduct之间是被动关系,所以填conducted; 2. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people____(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015年全国1) 解析:本题也较为简单;因people与live之间是主动关系,所以填living; 3. The adobe dwellings (土坯房)____ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015年全国2) 解析:土坯房是由the Pueblo Indians所建立的。所以与build之间构成是被动关系,填built,作定语修饰The adobe dwellings。 4.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition”a house without ____ (use) electric equipment.(2015年全国2) 解析:因为有个介词without ,而介词后只能接名词或doing形式;填using; 5.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ____ (cool) the house during the hot day.(2015年全国2) 解析:墙体释放了热量,并且现在足够使房子变凉快;本题中enough接to do形式表目的,填 to cool; 6. I was the first Western TV reporter____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016年全国1) 解析:本句意思是我是第一个记者,允许拍摄。因reporter与permit是构成被动关系,所以填permitted; 7. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ____(bring) your work home. (2016年全国2) 解析:本题考查be likely to do sth的结构,所以填to bring; 8. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____ (create)special designs.(2016年全国3) 解析:本题结合意思判断:有技能的工人结合不同的木头与金属来制作特殊的设计;表目的,所以填 to create; 9. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. (2016年全国3) 解析:本题看结构是打了逗号的,这是非谓语作状语的结构,通过判断People与use是构成主动关系,所以填using; 10. This included digging up the road, ____(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017年全国2) 解析:本题也是非谓语作状语,结合and then building a strong表并列,所以填laying; 11. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________ (improve) water quality.(2018年全国2) 解析:政府鼓励农民种玉米而不是大米来改善水的质量;所以表目的,填 to improve; 12. China's approach to protecting its environment while _____ (feed) its citizens 'offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.' says the bank's Juergen Voegele.(2018年全国2) 解析:本题较难;首先判断有个连词while,然后判断feed的主语是. China's approach to protecting its environment,他们之间构成主动关系,所以填feeding; 13. When we got a call (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. (2019 年全国2) 解析:本题是非谓语作定语,a call与say之间是主动关系。填saying; 14. On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take (get)there.(2019年全国3) 解析:根据意思:我们情不自禁想知道要花多长的时间到那里。表目的,填 to get; 15. On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019年全国3) 解析:结构上看是非谓语作状语。因为主语we与listen是主动关系,填listening; 短文改错 1. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(2015年全国2) 解析:after是介词,后面的动词用doing。所以looks改为looking; 2. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.(2018年全国3) 解析:非谓语作状语。Everyone与wait是主动关系,wait改为waiting; 3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.(2019年全国1) 解析:因为the football players与say是主动关系,say改为saying; |
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